俄罗斯诗学关键词:作为原型的乡村

Keywords in Russian Poetics:Village as Archetype

本文旨在考证俄罗斯文学发展的统一性。其研究基础是俄罗斯文学的主要原型之一——乡村。作者指的是18-20世纪俄罗斯文学经典中这种主要原型的历史和文学的起源,考察它在从卡拉姆津和普希金的散文,经由屠格涅夫、冈察洛夫、列夫·托尔斯泰的小说,到"乡村最后的歌手"叶赛宁的诗歌中的发展。特别关注了20世纪下半叶的乡村散文,它是这种文学原型最后的艺术个性化。

The article is devoted to the identification of the unity of Russian literature in its development. The basis for this is the study of one of leading archetypes of the Russian Literature – the Village. The author refers to the historical and literary genesis of this key archetype of Russian classics of the XVIII-XX centuries refering to its development from prose of Karamzin and Pushkin – via novels of Turgenev, Goncharov, Leo Tolstoy – to poetry by Esenin as "the last singer of village". A special attention is devoted to the Village prose of the second half of the XX century as a final artistic individualization of this literary archetype.