中国古典舞“小射雁跳”回落支撑控制的生物力学研究

Biomechanical Research on the Landing Control of Sheyan Jetéin Chinese Classical Dance

本研究使用红外摄像、三维测力和表面肌电测试,对四名中国古典舞女演员"小射雁跳"动作的回落支撑控制进行测试与分析。在动作测量表现上,舞蹈演员的身体重心投影活动、地面反作用力和肌肉工作放电特征既有共性特征,也有个体差异。落地后瞬间是"小射雁跳"回落支撑控制的关键,其中踝关节调节与控制发挥先导和基础作用,对膝关节和身体"中段"的后继控制发挥重要作用。提高"中段"控制能力能进一步提高舞蹈演员"小射雁跳"回落的稳定性。胫骨前肌、腓肠肌外侧、股内侧肌、股外侧肌、臀中肌、竖脊肌和腹外斜肌是回落支撑控制的关键肌群,应有针对性地加强神经肌肉反应控制训练。中国古典舞专业力量和策略技巧训练要注意演员的训练水平和个体差异。

In this paper,infrared cameras,three-dimensional force plate and surface EMG were synchronously used to analyze the biomechanical mechanism on the landing control of four female Chinese classical dancers’Sheyan Jeté.In terms of movement performance,there are both common characteristics and individual differences in the kinematic,kinetic,and myoelectric parameters.It concludes that the moment after initial contact is critical for the landing control,in which the ankle joint plays a leading and fundamental role in postural adjustment and control,and facilitates the subsequent COP control by the knee and the core area.The hip and core control can further improve the stability of dancers’landing of Sheyan Jeté.Erector spinae,external oblique,gluteus medius,vastus medialis,vastus lateralis,gastrocnemius lateralis,and tibialis anterior are key muscle groups for the landing control,so that dancers should strengthen the neuromuscular reaction training in a targeted manner.The training level and individual differences should be taken into consideration in the strength and skill training for Chinese classical dancers.