我国居民高等教育学费支付能力的比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Higher Education Tuition Affordability of Chinese Residents

我国的高等教育收费制度大致经历了免费时期(1949—1978年)、免费向收费过渡时期(1979—1988年)、收费制度形成时期(1989—1996年)和收费制度确立时期(1997年至今)四个阶段。1997年高等教育收费制度确立后,高等教育学费上升趋势明显。通过比较OECD成员国,我国各省、市、自治区以及城乡家庭高等教育学费的支付能力,结果发现:我国居民的高等教育学费支付能力明显上升,但与OECD成员国居民的支付能力相比,仍有一定的差距;我国不同地区及同一地区不同省、市、自治区居民的高等教育学费支付能力存在差异,中、西部地区个别省、市、自治区居民的支付能力相对较弱;农村家庭的高等教育学费支付能力较弱。基于研究结果,可在已形成的"奖、助、勤、贷、减"相结合的学生资助制度的基础上,进一步完善对中、西部地区一般院校学生的资助制度。

China’s higher education tuition payment system has experienced four stages:free period(1949-1978),transition period from free to charging(1979-1988),charging system formation period(1989-1996)and charging system establishment period(1997-present).After the establishment of the higher education charging system in 1997,there is a clear upward trend in higher education tuition.By comparing the higher education tuition affordability of OECD member countries,China’s provinces,municipalities,autonomous regions,and urban and rural families,it is found that the higher education tuition affordability of Chinese residents has clearly increased,but there is still a certain gap compared with that of OECD member countries;there are differences in the affordability of higher education tuition among residents in different regions,and provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in the same region,and affordability of some provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in the central and western regions is relatively weak;higher education tuition affordability of rural families is weaker.It is suggested that,on the basis of the established financial aid system which combines"award,subsidies,work-study,loan and reduction,"we further improve the funding system for students in common colleges and universities not included in the national programs in the central and western regions.