“小乐府”考论

A Study of“Xiao Yuefu Poem”

“小乐府”非仅指乐府诗体,也有用其指散曲与词。其在诗中出现,最早可见于元至正二十四年(1364)杨维桢撰、门人章琬编的《复古诗集》。该书卷二收录22首五言四句的咏史“小乐府”,皆被冠以三字或四字篇名。通过对《铁崖古乐府》的删改增补,杨维桢在《复古诗集》中确立了“小乐府”的审美范式。直至清代,王士禛重新将“小乐府”引入诗家视野,“小乐府”组诗及单行本的出现,使其在诗坛迅速流行,同时,其形制与内容也发生了显著的变化,最终成为一种颇具影响的诗体。

“Xiao Yuefu Poem”not only referred to Yuefu poem,but also referred to San Qu and Ci poem.It appeared in the poems as early as the 24th year of the Zhizheng period(1364)of the Yuan Dynasty,Collections of Ancient Poems written by Yang Weizhen and compiled by his student Zhang Wan.In Volume II of this book,it contained 22 pieces of history chanting“Xiao Yuefu poems”with five words and four sentences,all of which were titled with three or four words.Through the deletion and supplement of Tieya ancient Yuefu,Yang Weizhen set up the aesthetic model of“Xiao Yuefu”in the Collection of Ancient Poems.Until the Qing Dynasty,Wang Shizhen reintroduced“Xiao Yuefu”into the vision of poets.With the emergence of the amount of“Xiao Yuefu poems”and separate edition,it became popular in the poetic circles.At the same time,the form and content of“Xiao Yuefu poem”also changed significantly,and finally became an influential style of poetry.