矿柱回采诱发的深部房柱系统的瞬态及长期变形特性

Instantaneous and long-term deformation characteristics of deep room-pillar system induced by pillar recovery

当采用房柱法开采深部矿石矿柱时,采空区可能面临着一系列的变形和沉降问题。为此,构建一个双中段的深部房柱模型并进行矿柱回采。分析矿柱回采瞬间的变形响应及矿柱回采后的长期沉降特性。在矿柱回采过程中,不同区域围岩受到不同动力扰动作用,这些动力扰动可以分为3类:(I)爆破扰动与卸荷扰动共同作用、(II)爆破扰动与卸荷扰动依序作用和(III)纯卸荷扰动作用。矿柱回采后,第一个回采矿柱上方的沉降最大,且它对周边区域的沉降起到牵引作用。模型的沉降过程可分为稳定位移及不稳定位移两个阶段。当房柱系统进入不稳定位移阶段时,将发生岩体剥落及级联式坍塌。

The goaf may face a series of deformation and settlement problems when the room-pillar mining method is used to excavate ore and pillars in the deep strata.To this end,a deep room-pillar model with two levels was made,and the pillar recovery was carried out.The instantaneous deformation responses during the pillars recovery and the long-term settlements after the pillar recovery were analyzed.During the pillar recovery,different regions of surrounding rocks suffer from different dynamic disturbances which can be divided into three types,including(I)the combined action of blasting disturbance and unloading disturbance,(II)the sequential action of blasting disturbance and unloading disturbance,and(III)the action of unloading disturbance.After the pillar recovery,the settlement above the first recovering pillar is the largest,which has a traction effect on the settlement in other areas.The settlement process can be divided into two stages,stable displacement stage and unstable displacement stage.When the pillar-room system undergoes the unstable displacement stage,rock spalling and further cascading collapse will occur.