广西壮药鸡骨草生药学鉴定和含量测定研究

Pharmacognostic identification and content determination of the Guangxi Zhuang herb Abrus cantoniensis

目的研究壮药鸡骨草质量控制的方法,为提高其质量标准。方法参照2015版《中国药典》通则方法,采用性状鉴定、显微特征及TLC法对其进行定性鉴别;通过水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、醇溶性浸出物等常规检查方法对其进行药材质量考察;采用液相质谱联用法(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,LC-MS)测定鸡骨草中的相思子碱含量;采用气相质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对鸡骨草进行农药残留的检测;采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)来检测鸡骨草中的砷(As)、镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)重金属元素。结果所建立的方法简便、准确,样品薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离度好;平均水分含量为9.30%,平均总灰分含量为6.66%,平均酸不溶性灰分含量为0.56%,平均醇溶性浸出物测定为12.92%;鸡骨草中相思子碱的含量为4.3 ng/ml;在鸡骨草药材内未检测出农药残留以及重金属。结论本文从鸡骨草的理化性状鉴定、相思子碱含量测定、农药残留及重金属等研究方面较完善了鸡骨草质量控制体系;可作为广西壮药鸡骨草质量标准控制的参考依据。

Objective To explore the quality control method for the Zhuang herb Abrus cantoniensis to improve its quality standard.Methods According to the general principles of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 Edition),Abrus cantoniensis was tested for its qualitative identification by means of morphological identification,microscopic characteristics and TLC.The drug’s quality was investigated via routine inspection methods like moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extract.The contents of Acacia alkaloid in Abrus cantoniensis were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).The pesticide residues in Abrus cantoniensis were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to detect the heavy metal elements As,Cd and Pb in Abrus cantoniensis.Results The method was simple and accurate,the TLC spots of the sample were clear and the separation degree was good.The average moisture content,the average total ash content,the average acid insoluble ash content and the average alcohol-soluble extract were 9.30%,6.66%,0.56%,and 12.92%respectively.The content of Acacia alkaloid in Abrus cantoniensis was 4.3 ng/ml.No pesticide residues and heavy metals were detected in Abrus cantoniensis.Conclusion This paper improves the quality control system of Abrus cantoniensis through the identification of its physical and chemical properties and the determination of Acacia alkaloid content,pesticide residues and heavy metals.It can be a reference for the quality standard control of the Guangxi Zhuang herb Abrus cantoniensis.