外商直接投资的空间溢出与农村减贫成效--来自中国的经验证据

FDI spatial spillover and rural poverty reduction:empirical evidence from China

基于1997-2017年我国30个省份的农村面板数据,构建空间杜宾模型,探讨农村贫困的空间集聚特征与外商来华直接投资(FDI)及其不同进入模式对农村减贫的空间溢出效应。研究发现:我国农村贫困具有典型的空间集聚特征,农村地区的绝对贫困和相对贫困均呈现显著的空间正相关。FDI总流入减缓了农村的绝对贫困,却对农村相对贫困产生了消极影响。具体而言,独资型FDI显著降低了流入地农村的贫困水平,并通过空间溢出对邻近农村绝对减贫发挥间接带动作用;合资型FDI可显著抑制流入地农村相对贫困的恶化,但空间溢出效应不显著。此外,沿海地区FDI总流入对本地农村的减贫成效明显,并改善了内陆地区农村的绝对贫困,但加重了内陆地区农村的相对贫困。

Using the rural panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1997 to 2017 with spatial Durbin model,this paper explores the spatial agglomeration characteristics of rural poverty in China and the spatial spillover effect of Foreign Direct Investment(FDI)with different entry modes on poverty reduction.Results show that rural poverty in China is spatial agglomerated.FDI inflow has alleviated the absolute poverty in rural areas of China,but it has aggravated rural relative poverty.Specifically,wholly funded FDI has significantly reduced the local rural poverty and played an indirect role in absolute poverty reduction in neighboring rural areas through space spillovers.Joint venture FDI has significantly inhibited the deterioration of relative poverty in rural areas,but the spatial spillover effect was not significant.In addition,the total inflow of FDI in coastal areas has been effective in reducing poverty in local rural areas as well asthe absolute poverty in inland rural areas,but it has promoted the relative poverty of inland rural areas.