昭苏县野生羊肚菌根际土壤细菌多样性研究

Bacterial Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Wild Morels in Zhaosu County

采集昭苏县野生羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)根际水平直径10 cm、深度0~30 cm范围内的3层各10 cm土壤样品,利用Illumina miseq 2×300 bp高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析方法检测细菌类群的多样性。结果显示,细菌群落Chao和Shannon指数在0~30 cm土层中的平均值分别为152和3.68,且两种指数在10~20 cm土层均最高;细菌群落在各分类水平上的类群(最大类群丰度)分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,36.3%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等13门;黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae,8.4%)、芽胞杆菌科(Bacillaceae)和葡萄球菌科(Staphylococcaceae)等43科;葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus,7.1%)、杆状菌属(Bacillus)和Cloacibacterium等52属;不能培养的α-变形杆菌(unculturedα-proteobacterium,2.0%)、不能培养的嗜甲基菌科1种(uncultured Methylophilaceae bacterium)和路西法芽胞杆菌(Bacillus luciferensis)等44种。检测到固氮菌32属,包括15属自生固氮菌、9属共生固氮菌和8属联合固氮菌。结果表明,羊肚菌土壤根际微生物样品中细菌类群具有多样性,10~20 cm土层根际微生物多样性较高,但很多种类丰度较低;该土样含有丰富的固氮菌,这对栽培羊肚菌如何选地或覆土具有一定的指导意义。

The diversity of bacterial community of soil samples around the wild morel rhizosphere with horizontal diameter of 10 cm and depth of 0-30 cm,within the range of three layers of each 10 cm collected in Zhaosu County was detected using Illumina miseq 2×300 bp high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis.The results showed that the average value of Chaos and Shannon indices of the bacterial community in the 0-30 cm rhizosphere soil layer was 152 and 3.68,respectively,and both of them in 10-20 cm layer soil were the highest;and the bacterial communities on various levels of communities(the biggest community with the most abundance)respectively were Proteobacteria(36.3%),Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and other 13 phyla;and Flavobacteriaceae(8.4%),Bacillaceae,and Staphylococcaceae and other 43 families;and Staphylococcus(7.1%),Bacillus and Cloacibacterium and other 52 genera,and unculturableα-Proteobacterium(2.0%),unculturable Methylophilaceae,a kind of Bacillus luciferensis and other 44 species.There were detected 32 genera of nitrogen-fixing bacteria,including of 15 genera of self-growing,9 genera of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria,and 8 genera of associative nitrogen-fixing.Therefore,bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of Morchella had diversity,and the microbial diversity,and rhizospheric microbes of 10-20 cm layer soil were higher than those of other soil layers,however,the abundance of many species was relatively low;the soil samples contained abundant nitrogen-fixing bacteria,and these possessed a certain instructive significance how to choose soil and soil dressing for cultivation of morel.