制造业内资企业与外资企业全球价值链比较研究——基于区分企业所有制的世界投入产出表

A Comparative Study of Global Value Chains Between Domestic and Foreign-funded Enterprises in Manufacturing Sector——By WIOTs Distinguishing Ownership of Enterprises

利用OECD最新发布的区分企业所有制的世界投入产出表,从增加值视角对中国制造业部门内资企业和外资企业出口产品的全球价值链进行分解和比较研究。制造业内资企业和外资企业在进口中间投入品比例、出口倾向、增加值率等指标上存在明显的结构差异。近年来两类企业出口产品的国外增加值比例均有所下降,但外资企业出口产品的国外增加值比例仍高于内资企业。外资企业出口产品增加值中来自内资企业的贡献率,明显高于内资企业出口产品增加值中来自外资企业的贡献率。外资企业出口产品的全球价值链长度大于内资企业。未来中国应进一步落实《外商投资法》,继续鼓励制造业吸引高质量外资,积极参与全球价值链分工;制造业内资企业在加强与外资企业前向关联的同时,还应进一步加强与外资企业的后向关联,不断提升出口产品生产复杂程度和国内增加值。

Based on the newly-released world input-output tables(WIOTs)by OECD,which distinguish domestic and foreign-funded enterprises,the global value chains of export products of domestic and foreign-funded enterprises in China’s manufacturing sector are analyzed and compared from the perspective of added value.It is found that there are obvious structural differences between domestic and foreign-funded manufacturing enterprises in such indicators as the proportion of imported intermediate inputs,export tendency and value-added rate.In recent years,the proportion of foreign added value in export products of both kinds of enterprises has declined,but the proportion of foreign added value in export products of foreign-funded enterprises is still higher than that in domestic-funded enterprises.The proportion of added value from domestic enterprises in the export products of foreign-funded enterprises is significantly higher than that from foreign enterprises in the export products of domestic-funded enterprises.The length of global value chains of products of foreign-funded enterprises is longer than that of domestic-funded enterprises.Chinese government should continue to put the regulations in Foreign Investment Law of People’s Republic of China into effect to encourage China’s manufacturing sector to attract high-quality foreign investment and to actively participate in the division of global value chains.While strengthening forward links with foreign-funded enterprises,domestic enterprises should further strengthen backward links with foreign-funded enterprises,and constantly improve the complexity and domestic added value of export products.