美国产业集群创新生态系统运行机制及其启示——以硅谷为例

The Operating Mechanism of the Innovation Ecosystem of American Industrial Clusters and Its Enlightenment:An Example of Silicon Valley

硅谷作为美国创新能力最强的高新技术产业集群,孕育了有利于创业公司和科技服务业协同发展的创新生态系统。硅谷创新生态系统运行机制体现为,大企业和初创企业共生的学习竞争机制,形成能够在"开放式创新"和"知识产权保护"之间实现良好平衡的企业集群;大学、行业、政府多向互动交流机制,以区域科技联盟为平台的协作机制,以小企业为核心的科技服务网络运行机制和联邦政府的法律规范引导机制。硅谷创新生态系统对我国城市群和区域产业集群创新生态系统构建有重要的启示意义。

Silicon Valley,as the most innovative high-tech industrial cluster in the United States,has fostered an innovative ecosystem that is conducive to the coordinated development of startup firms and technology services.The operation mechanism of the innovation ecosystem of Silicon Valley are as follows:The learning competition mechanism in which large firms and startups exist symbiotically,forms an enterprises cluster that can achieve a good balance between"open innovation"and"protection of intellectual property rights".The multi-directional interactive communication mechanism among university,industry and government,the cooperation mechanism based on the regional science and technology alliance,the operation mechanism of the technology service network with the small enterprise as the core and the Federal government’s legal normative guidance mechanism.The Silicon Valley Innovation Ecosystem has important implications for the construction of China’s urban agglomerations and regional industrial cluster innovation ecosystems.