中国上市银行高质量发展:效率测度与影响因素

High Quality Development of Listed Banks in China:Efficiency Measure and Influencing Factors

本文使用2008—2018年中国26家上市银行数据,采用四阶段DEA分析方法,测度上市银行的高质量发展水平,并尝试从有效性、协同性、创新性、分享性、稳定性等方面系统地考察银行业高质量发展的影响因素。研究发现:第一,2008—2018年上市银行的高质量发展平均纯技术效率处于较高水平,中间业务收入有助于提高银行的创新性,推动其高质量发展。第二,不同类型的上市银行的高质量发展效率及其影响因素存在差异。上述结论的政策含义在于,上市银行未来应调整和优化资源配置结构、贯通经营管理领域、拥抱金融科技、履行社会责任,以及守住不发生系统性风险的底线等方式,提升有效性、协同性、创新性、分享性和平稳性,为中国经济的高质量发展提供金融支撑。

In the era of high-quality development,China’s listed banks urgently need to use the new development concept as a guide to think about how to take corresponding measures for high-quality economic development and thus enhancing their core competitiveness.This article used the data of 26 listed banks in China from 2008 to 2018,adopted a four-stage DEA analysis method to measure the high-quality development level of listed banks.Meanwhile,the article also systematically measured the impact of effectiveness,synergy,innovation,sharing,and stability on the high-quality development of the listed banks.The results showed that the average pure technical efficiency of the high-quality development of listed banks between2008 and 2018 was at a relatively high level,because the proportion of deposit and lending business was still large but the proportion of intermediary businesses was relatively small,such as consulting,securities,and leasing.While the loan-to-deposit ratio,and owner’s equity played a negative impact on the high-quality development of listed banks,intermediary business income improved the innovation of banks and promoted their high-quality development.In addition,the high-quality development efficiency and factors were different among large state-owned commercial banks,joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks.The findings have important implications for policymakers.Listed banks should adjust and optimize the structure of resource allocation,penetrate the field of operation and management,adopt financial technology,perform social responsibilities,and maintain the bottom line of systemic risks.If these measures could be taken,it will be possible to improve listed banks’effectiveness,synergy,innovation,sharing and stability,which will in turn be helpful to provide financial support for the high-quality development in China.The marginal contribution of this article could be manifested in the following two aspects.Firstly,this article started from the perspective of high-quality development,combined the actual situation of the listed banking,quantified the establishment of high-quality economic development indicators for listed banks,re-examined and explored the efficiency of listed banks in China.Secondly,by using the four-stage DEA method,it could be possible to better correct the biases resulting from exogenous environmental variables in the efficiency evaluation.