阿特伍德疾病叙事中的医学话语批判

Gender Politics of Cancer:A Critique of Medicine’s Discourse of Knowledge in Atwood’s Disease Narrative

疾病在当代文学叙事之中,不仅仅是一种实体,还是一种隐喻。在玛格丽特·阿特伍德的疾病叙事中,癌症构成了一组独特的“叙事丛”。本文从其“癌症叙事丛”与性别政治的历史关系切入,聚焦于《肉体伤害》中的乳腺癌,通过分析乳腺癌的话语生成机制揭示阿特伍德如何一方面借助“癌症隐喻”,呈现医学知识话语对女性的“微观”规训,另一方面通过“自我指涉”对“癌症隐喻”的文化现象进行批判,剥离附着于疾病之上的意识形态。这两个方面构成了一种“双向性”,既是阿特伍德疾病叙事的审美呈现,也是其政治批判的文学策略。

As a disease,cancer is not only a substance,but also a metaphor in contemporary literature.In Margaret Atwood’s disease narrative,cancer constitutes a unique“narrative constellation”.Based on an analysis of the historical relationship between the“cancer narrative constellation”and gender politics,this article focuses on breast cancer in Bodily Harm with an aim to reveal how Atwood artistically uses cancer as a metaphor to present the micropower of medical knowledge exerted on women on the one hand and,on the other hand,how she disentangles the ideology attached to disease by self-referentially criticizing the phenomenon of using disease as metaphors.These two aspects constitute a“two-way”style,which not only encompasses the aesthetic presentation of Atwood’s disease narrative,but also the literary strategies of her political criticism.