新单系列玉米品种的遗传基础解析以及品质和产量性状变化趋势分析

Xindan Maize Hybrids: Genetic Basis Analysis and Change Trends of Quality and Yield Traits

为探索新单系列玉米品种籽粒品质性状之间的关系以及产量性状的变化趋势,以新乡市农科院2003年以来审定的玉米品种为材料,研究了它们的遗传基础、杂优模式、品质性状以及群体、个体生产力。结果表明:13个玉米品种利用的杂优模式主要有2种,9个品种杂优模式为改良Reid×唐四平头,4个品种为外来种质×唐四平头。品质分析中,‘新单28’、‘新单38’、‘新单66’粗淀粉含量高,‘新单61’、‘新单65’和‘新单68’的粗蛋白和赖氨酸含量高。粗脂肪含量和粗淀粉含量之间呈显著负相关,相关系数为0.610,粗蛋白含量和赖氨酸含量之间呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.491。产量分析表明,‘新单22’单株生产力最大,‘新单33’单株生产力最小,‘新单58’的群体生产力最大‘,新单28’的群体生产力最小。群体生产力随密度增加呈现上升趋势,其中密度为75000株/hm2时的群体生产力较45000株/hm2高62.9%,平均每公顷增加7500株产量增益为12.97%。单株生产力随密度增加开始呈下降趋势,增至60000株/hm2后逐渐平缓,低密度时单株生产力较高密度高5.5%。外来种质×唐四平头杂优模式选育的玉米新品种在品质上优于改良Reid×唐四平头模式选育的品种,且耐密性也显著增加,群体生产力也不断上升。

To explore the relationship among grain quality traits and the change trend of yield traits of maize varieties of Xindan series, varieties bred by Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences since 2003 were used as materials, the genetic basis, heterosis model, quality traits, population and individual productivity of these maize varieties were studied.The results showed that there were two heterosis models for 13 maize varieties. The heterosis model of nine varieties was improved Reid×TSPT, and the heterosis model of four varieties was exotic germplasm ×TSPT. The content of crude starch of’Xindan 28’,’Xindan 38’and’Xindan 66’were high, the content of crude protein and lysine of’Xindan 61’,’Xindan 65’and’Xindan 68’were high. The crude fat content was negatively correlated with the crude starch content,and reached a significant level, with a correlation coefficient of 0.610. The content of crude protein was positively correlated with that of lysine, and the correlation coefficient was 0.491. The productivity per plant of’Xindan 22’was the highest, while that of’Xindan 33’was the lowest. The population productivity of’Xindan 58’was the largest, while that of’Xindan 28’was the lowest. The population productivity was increased with the density increase, among which the population productivity of 75000 plants/hm2 was 62.9% higher than that of 45000 plants/hm2, and the yield gain of an average increase of 7500 plants/hm2 was 12.97%. The population per plant began to decline with the densityincrease, after the increase reached 60000 plants/hm2, the growth was gradually gentle. The productivity perplant in the low-density group was 5.5% higher than that in the high-density group. The quality of maizevarieties of Xindan series bred by the heterosis model of exotic germplasm × TSPT was better than that of theimproved Reid×TSPT, their resistance to density increased significantly, and the population productivity alsoincreased constantly.