气候变暖对冬小麦生长发育、产量和品质的影响

Climate Warming: Effects on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat

以‘扬麦13’和‘徐麦31’作为试验材料,采用数理统计等方法,分析气候变暖对冬小麦生长发育、产量和品质等方面的影响机理。结果表明:气候变暖使冬小麦的物候期提前,总生育时期天数缩短;穗长、总小穗数和结实小穗数下降,不孕小穗数增加,有效穗数、千粒重下降,产量三要素的共同下降,导致冬小麦减产;冬小麦籽粒总淀粉含量和支/直比不同程度下降;冬小麦籽粒总蛋白含量不同程度增加,但谷/醇比略微下降。随着气候变暖,冬小麦的生育时期将会缩短、产量下降,而淀粉含量和蛋白质含量变化较为复杂,增减不一。

Taking’Yangmai13’and’Xumai31’as experimental materials, we analyzed the influence mechanism of climate warming on the growth, yield and quality of winter wheat by the method of mathematical statistics and so on. The results show that: climate warming makes the phenological phase of winter wheat earlier and shortens the total reproductive period days;decreases the panicle length, the total number of spikelets and the number of spikelets;increases the number of infertile spikelets, but reduces the number of effective panicles and 1000-grain weight, and the decline of the three factors of yield led to the reduction of winter wheat output;the total starch content and the branch/straight ratio of winter wheat grain decrease to different degrees;the total protein content of winter wheat grain increases to some extent, but the grain/alcohol ratio decreases slightly. With climate warming, the growth period of winter wheat will be shortened and the yield will be decreased, while the content of starch and protein will be more complicated, with different increase and decrease.