湖南省农业废弃物就地肥料化利用技术模式研究与应用

Technical Model of In-situ Fertilizer Utilization of Agricultural Wastes in Hunan Province

针对湖南农业大省,农业废弃物种类多,量大面广的问题,本研究根据不同种类的农业废弃物资源与有机肥产品特点设计了5种处理利用模式:(1)鸡粪+秸秆制成有机肥用于果蔬茶;(2)牛粪+烟末制作有机肥用于粮食与经济作物;(3)蘑菇渣等废弃物制作有机肥;(4)尾菜+饼粕制作有机肥用于蔬菜基地;(5)鸡粪+返料制作有机肥用于经济作物。研究结果表明:上述农业废弃物处理技术模式具有明显的优势:降低废弃物消纳和企业生产的时空成本,避免二次污染,获得了更多的有机肥料资源。这些技术模式可复制、可推广,为不同地区、不同种类废弃物、不同规模企业提供了借鉴,解决了农业污染物就地处理的技术难题,对环境保护和农业可持续发展具有积极意义。

In view of the agricultural wastes’ types and quantity in Hunan Province, five utilization modes were designed according to different agricultural waste resources and the characteristics of organic fertilizer products, including(1) chicken manure + crop residue organic fertilizer applied to fruits, vegetables and tea fields;(2) cow dung + tobacco waste organic fertilizer applied to food crops and economic crops;(3) mushroom residue organic fertilizer;(4) vegetable waste + cake organic fertilizer applied to vegetables;(5) chicken manure + returned material organic fertilizer applied to economic crops. The results show that there are obvious advantages by using agricultural wastes above described, such as reducing the cost of waste consumption and enterprise production, avoiding secondary pollution, and obtaining more organic fertilizer resources. These technical models could be copied and popularized, which provide management references on different types of wastes for different regions and enterprises, and solve the technical problem of in-situ treatment of agricultural pollutants. The models could have positive significance for environmental protection and sustainable development of agriculture.