小麦族植物分类及开发利用

Classification and Exploitation of the Triticeae Plants

小麦族植物是禾本科植物中最重要的一大类群,包括人类主要粮食作物小麦,以及大麦、黑麦等许多具有优良农艺性状的植物种类。对小麦族进行全面的系统学研究,建立合理的分类系统,是开展该族其他研究工作的理论基础。笔者系统介绍了国内外小麦族分类简史、分类现状和进展,深入分析了小麦族植物种质资源的开发利用,最后提出进一步合理利用和保护小麦族中野生近缘物种,发掘抗病抗逆基因,创制小麦新品种和改良牧草,使之最大限度发挥麦族物种粮饲兼用的特点。

Triticeae plant is the most critical group of grasses,including wheat,the main human food crop,and many other plant species with excellent agronomic traits such as barley and rye.To carry out a comprehensive systematic study and establish a reasonable classification system of Triticeae can form a theoretical basis for other research work.This paper systematically introduced the brief history,current situation and progress of Triticeae classification at home and abroad,analyzed the exploitation of Triticeae germplasm resources,and proposed further rational utilization and protection of wild related species of Triticeae,the exploration of disease-resistant and stress-resistant genes,the creation of new wheat varieties and the improvement of forages,so as to maximize the use of cereal and pasture characteristics of Triticeae species.