不同时期喷施调控剂对冬小麦产量及其干物质积累与分配的影响

Effects of Spraying Regulators at Different Stages on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Winter Wheat

为明确不同时期喷施调控剂(0.01%芸苔素内酯稀释3 000倍+氨基酸水溶肥稀释1 000倍+海藻酸稀释1 000倍)对小麦产量形成的影响,于2018—2019年和2019—2020年两个小麦生长季,在大田条件下设置小麦拔节前喷施调控剂(T1)、扬花前喷施调控剂(T2)、拔节前+扬花前喷施调控剂(T3)并以喷清水为对照(CK),共4个处理,研究不同处理对小麦干物质积累、转运、分配及产量的影响。结果表明:(1)两个小麦生长季,T1和T3处理结实小穗数均显著高于对照,T2处理与对照无显著差异。(2) 2018—2019年成熟期干物质总量、籽粒干物积累量及其所占比例均表现为T1、T3﹥T2﹥CK;2019—2020年,T3处理成熟期干物质总量、籽粒干物质积累量均显著高于T2和CK,与T1处理无显著差异;籽粒干物质所占比例表现为T1、T2、T3显著高于CK。(3)两个小麦生长季,开花后合成干物质向籽粒中的分配量及其对籽粒贡献率均表现为T1、T3﹥T2﹥CK。(4) T1和T3处理间穗粒数、籽粒产量无显著差异,均显著高于T2和CK;千粒重显著高于CK,与T2处理无显著差异;各处理间穗数无显著差异。本试验条件下,仅拔节前喷施调控剂,有利于提高小麦结实小穗数,增加穗粒数和千粒重,生育后期干物质积累能力强,有利于获得高效高产。

In order to clarify the effects of spraying regulators at different stages on the yield of wheat,in two wheat growing seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020,four treatments were set under field conditions to study the effects of spraying regulators at different stages on dry matter accumulation,transportation and distribution and yield of wheat.The four treatments were only spraying regulator before jointing of wheat(T1),only spraying regulator before flowering(T2),spraying regulator before jointing and flowering(T3)and not spraying regulator(CK).The results showed that(1)in the two wheat growing seasons,the number of fruiting wheat spikelets of T1 and T3 treatments was significantly higher than that of control treatment,but there was no significant difference between T2 and control treatment.(2)In 2018-2019,the total dry matter,grain dry matter quantity and its proportion in mature stage were all T1 and T3>T2>CK.In 2019-2020,the total dry matter accumulation and grain dry matter quantity in mature stage of T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of T2 and CK,but there was no significant difference with T1.The percentage of dry matter in grains of T1,T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that of CK.(3)In the two wheat growing seasons,the distribution of dry matter in grain and its contribution to grain after flowering were T1 and T3>T2>CK.(4)There was no significant differences in grain number per spike and grain yield between T1 and T3,which were significantly higher than those of T2 and CK.The thousand kernel weight of T1 and T3 were significantly higher than that of CK treatment,but there was no significant difference with T2.There was no significant difference in the number of panicles among the treatments.Under the conditions of this test,the treatments of spraying regulator before jointing were beneficial to increasing the number of fruiting wheat spikelets,grains per spike and thousand kernel weight;the ability of dry matter accumulation was strong in the late growth stage,which was conducive to high yield and high efficiency.