不同覆盖方式对核桃园土壤养分及核桃质量产量的影响

Effects of Different Mulching Measures on Soil Nutrition and the Quality Development and Yield in Walnuts Orchard

[目的]本文旨在探讨不同地表覆盖材料对核桃园土壤养分及核桃产量、质量的影响。[方法]于2010-2014年在山西省左权县麻田镇进行连续5年大田试验,探讨覆盖地膜(T1)、生草(T2)、小麦秸秆(T3)、玉米秸秆(T4)4种方式对核桃园土壤碳素水平和养分含量及核桃品质和产量的影响,为核桃园土壤管理提供理论依据。[结果]结果表明,地表覆盖显著提高了总有机碳、颗粒有机碳、微生物量碳和潜在可矿化碳含量,较对照分别提高了24.91%、35.56%、14.71%和12.90%;土壤有机质、氮、磷和钾等养分含量显著增加,其中速效磷含量较对照平均提升了15.61%。T4的根系活力较对照分别增加了16.31%(春季)和15.23%(秋季)。地表覆盖后核桃果仁的脂肪、可溶性蛋白和总蛋白含量较对照分别提高了7.70%、24.48%和15.13%。另外,覆盖秸秆后单果重、出仁率和产量显著增加,果壳厚度显著降低。[结论]覆盖秸秆有利于改善土壤质量、增强根系吸收能力,并有利于核桃果仁的营养水平、产量和经济效益的提升。因此,在生产中可采用逐年覆盖秸秆的方式进行核桃园的土壤管理。

[Objectives]The objective of this study was to determine effects of different mulching treatments on carbon level and nutrient contents of soil as well as the yield and quality of walnut fruits.[Methods]A five-year field experiment was conducted between 2010 and 2014 in the Zuoquan County of Shanxi province in an attempt to provide some important theoretical and practical basis for soil management in walnuts orchard.[Results]The results showed that mulching treatment significantly increased the soil carbon contents,in which the content of total organic carbon(TOC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),particulate organic carbon(POC)and potential mineralized carbon(PMC)were increased averagely by 24.91%,35.56%,14.71%and 12.90%,respectively,compared with the control group.Mulching treatments also improved the contents of soil organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.Amongst,the content of soil available phosphorus was increased averagely by 15.61%.Root vitality of T4 treatment was increased by 16.31%in spring and 15.23%in autumn.The positive effects of mulching treatments on the quality of walnuts fruits were also observed.The contents of fat,soluble protein and total protein in fruits were increased by 7.70%,24.48%and 15.13%,respectively under straw mulching measures.When soil was covered with straw,the weight of single fruit,kernel rate and yield of walnuts were increased significantly,and the thickness of the husk was decreased(p<0.05).[Conclusion]In conclusion,covering soil with straw could enhance the soil health,plant root absorptive capacity,soil nutrition level,and yield of walnut fruits.Therefore,straw covering method should be applied to mitigate the soil problem in walnut orchard.