父亲养育效能和儿童社会性对“二孩”接纳程度的影响

Impact of father’s parenting effectiveness and children’s sociality on the acceptance of "second-born children"

目的探究父亲养育效能、城市儿童社会性与儿童(包括独生子女和"一孩")对"二孩"接纳程度之间的关系,为促进儿童对"二孩"接纳程度干预措施的制定提供参考依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,选取蚌埠市2所幼儿园和2所小学的一至三年级共计778名3~9岁独生子女和"一孩",以儿童及其父亲为研究对象分别进行问卷调查,内容包括儿童及父亲的一般情况、"二孩"接纳程度、儿童社会性与父亲养育效能。结果不同年级的儿童在对"二孩"接纳程度上差异有统计学意义(F=2.89,P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,对"二孩"的接纳程度与儿童同伴交往问题呈负相关(r=-0.10),与亲社会行为呈正相关(r=0.10);父亲的自我效能感与儿童的同伴交往问题呈负相关(r=-0.15),与儿童的亲社会行为呈正相关(r=0.32)(P值均<0.01)。结构方程模型显示,父亲的养育效能低可以正向预测儿童同伴交往问题,负向预测儿童的高亲社会行为,进而儿童的同伴交往问题可以负向预测独生子女和"一孩"对"二孩"的接纳程度,亲社会行为可以正向预测"二孩"接纳程度。结论促进父亲养育效能的提高可以促进儿童社会性发展和同胞接纳。建议父亲积极参与独生子女和"一孩"的具体教养事务,自觉提高养育效能感。

Objective To explore the interrelationships among fathers’ parenting effectiveness,urban children’s sociality and the acceptance of"second-born children"by children( including only children and "first-born children"),and to provide a reference for interventional measured for improving children’s acceptance rate of " second-bron children". Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 3 to 9-year-old 778 only children and "first-born children"in two kindergartens and grades 1-3 of two primary schools in a city,and the children and their fathers were investigated with questionnaires survey regarding general information of both fathers and children,the acceptance degree of"second-born children",the sociality of children and the parenting effectiveness of fathers. Results Children in different grades had different acceptance levels of "second-born children"and the difference was statistically significant( F = 2.89,P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the acceptance of"second-born children"was negatively correlated with the interaction between the only children and"first-born children",and positively correlated with the prosocial behavior of the only children and"first-born children",both of which are statistically significant( r =-0.10,0.10,P<0.01). Father’s role efficacy was negatively correlated with only-children and"first-born-children"peer interaction problems( r =-0.15),and positively correlated with prosocial behavior( r = 0.32),both of which were statistically significant( P<0.01).The structural equation model of father’s parenting effectiveness,children’s sociality and acceptance of "second-born children"showed that low father’s parenting effectiveness could positively predict children’s peer communication problems and negatively predict children’s prosocial behavior,and thus children’s peer communication problems could negatively predict the acceptance degree of only children and"first-born children"to "second-born children",and prosocial behaviors could positively predict the acceptance degree of"second-born children". Conclusion Promoting father’s parenting efficiency can facilitate the social development of children and the acceptance of siblings.It’s recommended that fathers actively participate in specific parenting matters for the only child and " one child",and consciously improve parenting effectiveness.