德宏州德昂族与汉族小学生体质健康状况比较

Comparison of physical health of De’ang and Han pupils in Dehong Prefecture

目的了解德昂族聚居区德昂族与汉族小学生的身体体格指标、身体功能、运动素质差异,为儿童青少年体质健康发展提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,选择德宏州芒市5所完全小学2 493名德昂族和汉族小学生的身高、体重、肺活量、50 m跑、坐位体前屈及1 min跳绳测试数据为研究资料,采用t检验进行组间比较。结果在体格指标方面,汉族男生8,9,11岁组和女生7,8岁组的身高,男生9岁组体重均高于德昂族同性别、同年龄组学生(P值均<0.05);在身体功能指标方面,汉族女生11,12岁组和男生9,10,12岁组肺活量均高于德昂族同性别、同年龄组学生(P值均<0.05);在运动素质指标方面,汉族男生8,9,10及12岁组和女生8岁组50 m跑成绩均高于德昂族同性别、同年龄组学生,男生11岁组和女生9岁组坐位体前屈成绩低于德昂族同性别、同年龄组学生,男生9,10,11,12岁组和女生9,10岁组1 min跳绳成绩低于德昂族同性别、同年龄组学生(P值均<0.05)。结论德宏州德昂族与汉族小学生体质健康发展不均衡,体格指标、功能指标和运动素质指标都存在不同程度的差异。

Objective To understand the differences in physical indices,physical functions,and physical fitness among primary school students of De’ang and Han ethnic groups in the De’ang community,and to provide a reference for the healthy development of the physique of children and adolescents. Methods The cluster sampling method was used to select the test data of height,weight,vital capacity,50-meter running,seated forward flexion,and 1-minute skipping rope of 2 493 De’ang and Han pupils in five complete primary schools in Mangshi,Dehong Prefecture. Differences in each indices were compared between groups.Results For physical indicators: height in boys in 8-,9-and 11-year-old group,girls in 7-and 8-year old group,were significantly higher in Han ethnic group,weight among Han boys of 9 years old was higher than Deang ethnic group;For physical function indicators: vital capacity of girls 11 years old group and 12 years old group,boys 9 years old group,10 years old group,12 years old group,children of Han ethnic group were higher than Deang peers. For physical fitness indicators: in 50 m running,Han boys of 8-,9-,10-and 12-year-old,as well as Han girls of 8-year-old were higher than age-matched peers of De’ang ethnic group;For seated forward flexion,Han boys of 11 years old and girls of 9 years old,were lower than Deang;in 1 min skipping,Han boys of9-,10-,11-and 12-year-old,as well as Han girls of 9-and 10-year-old,were lower than the De’ang ethnic group. Conclusion Unbalanced development of physical fitness is observed among primary school students of De’hong and Han ethnic groups,with significant differences in physical,functional and fitness indices.