中国古代机关锁的构造研究

A Study on the Mechanical Structure of Puzzle Locks in China

中国是世界上重要的锁具发源地之一,锁具的发展有数千多年的历史。机关锁是中国古代经过特殊设计的传统锁具,在获取正确钥匙的情况下,仍然需要特定的操作方式和步骤方能开启,开启难度及其安全性都较高。依开启方法与锁孔的形式,中国传统机关锁分“组合锁”、“开放式锁孔机关锁”和“隐藏式锁孔机关锁”三类,构造巧妙,各具创意,充分展现古代匠人高超的工艺技术与创意巧思,是中国传统造物文化的瑰宝,具有极高的保存与研究价值。文中汇整了作者多年的研究成果,通过探究中国传统机关锁的发展历史和构造分析,挖掘古代匠人的机械设计智能和思维方式,以期给现代的机械设计带来启示。

China is one of the important birthplaces of locks in the world, and the development of locks has a history of more than five thousand years. Puzzle lock is a traditional lock specially designed in China,whichneeds specific operation methods and steps to open it in the case of obtaining theright key, so it is difficult to open and its safety is high. According to the opening process and the keyhole, there are three types of traditional puzzle locks, including combination locks, open-keyhole locks, and hidden-keyhole locks, which fully show the superb craftsmanship and wisdom of ancient craftsmen with ingenious structure and creativity. It is the treasure of traditional Chineseculture, and has high preservation and research value. By studying the historicaldevelopment and the structural analysis of traditional Chinese puzzle locks, this paper excavates the mechanical design wisdom and thinking mode of the ancient craftsmen, in order to bring enlightenment to the modern mechanical design.