人下颌软硬组织爆炸伤光滑粒子流体动力学模型研究

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics-based simulation of blast injuries in human mandible

目的建立人下颌软硬组织爆炸伤光滑粒子流体动力学模型,分析人下颌软硬组织爆炸伤致伤过程及生物力学特点。方法采集人颌面部CT和MRI数据,建立包含人下颌骨、咬肌软硬组织爆炸伤光滑粒子流体动力学模型,并通过与三维有限元的爆炸伤模型对比研究,分析该模型在爆炸伤研究中的有效性。结果建立的咬肌-下颌骨光滑粒子流体动力学模型粒子数为4 538,与人解剖结构相似,细节损失少,模拟了爆炸冲击波对下颌骨、咬肌的损伤情况,爆炸导致左侧下颌角、髁状突骨折,咬肌广泛撕裂损伤,该仿真结果与三维有限元仿真结果接近。结论在颌面部软硬组织爆炸伤中,光滑粒子流体动力学研究方法相对于三维有限元研究方法在组织大变形、裂纹扩展、爆炸冲击等方面具有显著优势,可作为颌面部爆炸伤模型研究的新方法。

Objective To establish a smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) model for simulating the process and biomechanical characteristics of blast injuries in human mandible. Methods Based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) data of the maxillofacial region in human, we established a SPH model of blast injuries in the mandible and masseter muscles and assessed its validity by comparison with a three-dimensional finite element model(FEM). Result The number of particles in the SPH model of mandible is 4 538, which is similar to anatomical structure of human, with less loss of details. The SPH model simulates the explosion damage of mandible and masseter caused by blast wave. The explosion results in the fractures in the left mandibular angle and condyle, and extensively torn in the masseter muscle is. The simulation results are close to the FEM. Conclusion Compared with the FEM model, the SPH model shows obvious advantages in simulating large tissue deformation, crack growth and explosion impact on the mandible, and provides a new method for studying maxillofacial blast injuries.