乡村振兴背景下农民在农业产业发展中的主体地位研究——基于山西农村的考察

Principal Status of Peasants in the Development of Agriculture Against the Background of the Rural Rejuvenation:Investigation on the Countryside of Shanxi

党的十九大首次提出了乡村振兴战略,这是中国特色社会主义进入新时代解决三农问题的重大战略,而确定乡村振兴战略的实施主体是解决其他一切问题的基础。山西农村农业产业发展中存在的问题包括:人力资本动力缺乏,结构失衡,农业产业链竞争力低等。从农民主体性地位的角度深刻剖析,其原因包括农民社会主体意识缺失、主体权利缺失和主体能力缺失。为探索实现乡村振兴的有效路径,提出在"精英"带领下组织农民走合作化道路,培育农民主体意识;借鉴学习日本农协经验,通过体制机制改革,赋予农民主体权利;通过新型职业培训,提高农民主体能力。

The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the rural revitalization strategy,which was designed to resolve the problems of agriculture,rural areas and peasants in the new era of the Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,and the determination of the principal status of peasants is the foundation of the resolution of other problems.This paper identifies the problems existed in the agriculture of Shanxi as lack of human resources,structural imbalance,and incompetent agricultural chain,and finds that the reason for these problems is the lack of awareness,rights and capability of peasants.To effectively promote the development of rural areas of Shanxi,this paper recommends that(a)strengthening the cooperation of peasants under the leadership of rural elites,and enhancing the awareness of peasants to play aprincipal role in the rural revitalization,(b)pushing for a structural reform and giving peasants more rights and freedom based on the lessons of Japan,and(c)strengthening capacity-building of peasants through various forms of vocational training.