后全面小康社会我国贫困治理的任务变化与政策转型

The Task Change and Policy Transformation of China′s Poverty Governance in Post Comprehensive Well-off Society

2020年我国脱贫攻坚战进入决胜之年,2020年以后我国贫困的特征和治理任务将发生重要变化,必须在保持贫困治理政策必要的稳定性、连续性、过渡性的基础上对其进行适时调整,实现“五大转变”:贫困治理的政策目标从消除绝对贫困向治理相对贫困转变,政策重心从超常规社会动员向常规制度化治理转变,政策工具从运用强制性工具为主向混合性工具为主转变,政策类型从福利型政策为主向发展型政策为主转变,政策选择从财政直接减贫为主向发挥杠杆作用为主转变。为适应这些转变,需要实施加强易地扶贫搬迁的后续支持、优化东西部扶贫协作与对口支援方式、对现有的扶贫政策进行分类梳理、加强减贫政策与乡村振兴发展政策的衔接等具体措施。

In 2020,China′s battle against poverty will enter a decisive year.After 2020,the characteristics and governance tasks of poverty in China will change significantly.Therefore,we must timely adjust the poverty governance policy on the basis of maintaining the necessary stability,continuity and transition,and realize the"five major changes":the policy goal of poverty governance changes from absolute poverty elimination to relative poverty governance,the policy focus changes from unconventional social mobilization to conventional institutional governance,policy tools change from the use of mandatory tools to mixed tools,policy types change from welfare oriented policy to development oriented policy,and policy choices from direct fiscal poverty reduction to leverage.In order to adapt to these changes,it is necessary to strengthen the follow-up support for the relocation of poverty alleviation,optimize the mode of poverty alleviation cooperation and counterpart support between the East and the West,sort out the existing poverty alleviation policies,and strengthen the connection between poverty reduction policies and Rural Revitalization and development policies.