党领群议:协商系统中社区治理的引领式协商——以天长市“1+N+X”社区协商实验为例

Party Leading Masses Deliberation:Leading Deliberation of Community Governance in the Deliberative System--A Case Study of"1+N+X"Community Deliberation in Tianchang

基于城乡社区治理现代化的迫切需要,作为治理手段的社区协商日益受到关注。已有的权威性协商、行政式协商、引导式协商、包容性协商四种模式及具体形式概括还较难阐释中国特色的党建引领的社区协商。随着“带回”学研究的兴起,把国家带回社会、把决策带到社区、把组织带入行为、将政党带入协商、将政党带进框架、将政党带入社会等范式逐渐浮现。结合中国社区协商治理的实践,政党视角有必要带入群议分析范式。天长市社区“1+N+X”协商组织及其辅助的“六步六单”协商流程显示:中国城乡社区已经形成了党领群议的引领式协商模式,这一模式充分展现了社区协商系统的公共空间及其开放性、授权空间及其灵活性、传播及其连接性、问责制及其回应性、元协商及其组织性、决断力及其自主性等要素特征,既契合了国际上第四代协商民主最新理论标识的协商系统质量能力标准,也呈现了中国实践对国际理论的超越,是“真实性”协商。因此,党领群议的引领式协商模式既为分析中国特色的社区协商提供了新视角,也为中国学术走向国际对话打开了新窗口。这就要求新时代中国城乡社区治理要运用好社区协商抓手,探索完善本土特色的引领式协商。

Based on the urgent need of modernization of urban and rural community governance,community deliberation as a means of governance is increasingly concerned.There are four models and specific forms of authoritative deliberation,administrative deliberation,guided deliberation and inclusive deliberation,and it is difficult to explain the community deliberation led by the Party building with Chinese characteristics.With the rise of"bring-back"studies,paradigms such as bringing the state back into society,bringing decision-making into the community,bringing organizations into behavior,bringing political parties into deliberation,bringing political parties into the framework,and bringing political parties into society gradually emerge.Combined with the practice of community consultative governance in China,it is necessary to bring the perspective of political parties into the paradigm of masses deliberation analysis.Based on the analysis of the"1+N+x"deliberative organization and the"six steps and six lists"deliberative process,it is found that the Chinese urban and rural communities have formed the leading deliberative model of the Party Leading Masses Deliberation,which fully demonstrates the characteristics of the public space and its openness,the authorized space and its flexibility,the communication and its connectivity,the accountability system and its responsiveness,the meta-deliberation and its organization,the decisiveness and the autonomy of the community deliberative system.This not only conforms to the standard of quality and capability of deliberative system marked by the latest theory of the fourth generation deliberative democracy in the world,but also shows that China′s practice surpasses the international theory,which is"authentic"negotiation.Therefore,it not only provides a new perspective for the analysis of community deliberation with Chinese characteristics,but also opens a new window for Chinese academic towards international dialogue.This requires that China′s urban and rural community governance in the new era should make good use of community consultation,and explore and improve the leading deliberation with local characteristics.