朱熹对性善论与性恶论的“统合”

Zhu Xi′s Integration of the Theory of Good and Evil Human Nature

朱熹既赞同程颐所言“荀子极偏驳,只一句‘性恶’,大本已失”,又赞同程颢所言“有自幼而善,有自幼而恶”,“善固性也,然恶亦不可不谓之性也”以及与之相关的“善恶皆天理”;既讲孟子言性善“论性不论气,不备”,又讲荀子言性恶“论气不论性,不明”,从而建构了兼性与气的人性论。这种对于孟、荀既有吸取又有批评的方式,可以为今人“统合孟荀”所借鉴。

Zhu Xi agreed with Cheng Yi′s saying that"Xun Zi only speaks of"evil human nature",which shows that he is extremely biased and has lost the original version."He also agreed with Cheng Hao′s saying that"some are good from childhood,while others are evil from childhood"."Good is human nature of course,but evil can also be called human nature",and the related"Good and evil are Heavenly principles".For this reason,he not only thought that Meng Zi′s theory of good human nature is"on nature regardless of Qi,incomplete",but also thought that Xun Zi′s theory of evil human nature is"on Qi regardless of nature,unclear",thus constructing the theory of human nature that stresses both nature and Qi.This way of absorbing and criticizing Meng Zi and Xun Zi can be used for reference by modern people in"Integrating Meng Zi and Xun Zi".