读者与唐诗“孤篇”的经典化

Readers and the Canonization of the Four Tang"Single Poems"

唐代许多“才秀人微”的诗人往往能凭借一首优秀作品而“竟为大家”,如王湾、崔颢、常建、张继,分别凭借《次北固山下》《黄鹤楼》《题破山寺后禅院》《枫桥夜泊》四首“孤篇”而在唐代众多诗人中脱颖而出,这主要得益于历代读者的发现与推崇。在唐诗“孤篇”的经典化过程中,起到重要作用的读者有三类:一是首次遴选与评鉴的选者,他们发现了这些作品的艺术魅力和独特价值,并将其收入唐诗选本推荐给同时代的读者,极大地影响了后世选本的收录;二是对作品大力推许或赋予无尽话题的名士,他们的推崇与不断赋值使这些诗作获得更多关注;三是刻诗于实地的精英及其引领下的无数大众,苏州寒山寺、镇江北固山、武汉黄鹤楼、常熟破山寺均有诗刻,更有不少因诗而得名的景点,当读者在这些景点一遍遍念诵该诗时,会再次确认与强化这些诗歌的经典性。每一位读者的认可都在为该诗的经典化添砖加瓦。

Many poets in the Tang Dynasty,who were talented but in low official position,can always be regarded as masters by virtue of an excellent work,such as Wang Wan,Cui Hao,Chang Jian and Zhang Ji.Due to the discovery and admiration of readers in previous dynasties,they stood out among many poets in the Tang Dynasty by virtue of one of their own poems,namely Passing by the Northern Mountains,the Yellow Crane Tower,Monks′Abode in Poshan Temple and Night Mooring at Maple Bridge.There were three types of readers who played important roles in the process of canonization:the first was those who discovered the artistic charm and unique value of these works,and recommended them to contemporary readers,which greatly affected the collection of later generations′anthologies;The second type was the celebrities who strongly recommended or gave endless values to these works,whose admiration made these poems get more attention;The Third was the elites who carved poems in the actual places and countless people led by them.There were many poems carved in Beigu Mountain in Zhenjiang,Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan,Poshan Temple in Changshu and Hanshan Temple in Suzhou,besides,there were many scenic spots named after poems.When readers recite one poem over and over again in these scenic spots,they will reconfirm and strengthen the canonization of these poems.Every reader′s approval contributes to the canonization of the poem.