哈尔滨城乡独生与非独生儿童生活满意度及社会期望研究

Comparative study on the life satisfaction and social desirability of only and non-only children in urban and rural areas of Harbin

目的了解城乡独生与非独生儿童在生活满意度及社会期望方面差异,为实施心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,在哈尔滨市区、县城、乡村抽取9所小学,对四、五年级全体3 765名学生进行一般信息调查、多维学生生活满意度量表(Multidimensional Students’Life Satisfaction Scale,MSLSS)及社会期望量表(Children’Social Desirability Scale,CSD)问卷调查。结果总体生活满意度县城儿童最高(5.10±0.50),乡村儿童最低(4.96±0.57);女童高于男童;独生子女高于非独生子女(F/t值分别为17.04,-5.91,2.21,P值均<0.05)。社会期望城市(32.23±7.04)与县城儿童(31.78±6.30)均高于乡村儿童(30.82±6.34),女童高于男童,独生子女高于非独生子女(P值均<0.05)。除朋友外的其他维度,城市女童满意度高于男童(P值均<0.05);社会期望城市、县城及乡村独生及非独生女童得分高于男童(P值均<0.05)。除家庭维度外的其他维度,3个地区中县城男童满意度得分最高(P值均<0.05);在总体及各个维度上,县城女童满意度最高,乡村女童最低(P值均<0.05)。家庭维度城市独生男童满意度高于非独生男童(P=0.03)。在总体、朋友及自我维度上,城市、县城、乡村独生和非独生儿童差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),且县城儿童满意度最高,乡村儿童满意度最低。城市及县城独生儿童社会期望高于乡村独生儿童。结论哈尔滨市城市、县城及乡村儿童在生活满意及社会期望上存在差异。应制定相应措施,对儿童分别进行心理辅导。

Objective To compare life satisfaction and social desirability between only and non-only children in urban and rural areas,and to provide a basis for future mental health education guidance.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 3 765 students of grade 4 and 5 from 9 primary schools in urban and rural area of Harbin.The contents of the questionnaires included general information survey,the Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale( MSLSS) and the Children’s Social Desirability Scale( CSD).Results In the overall life satisfaction,county children had the highest satisfaction( 5.10±0.50),while rural children had the lowest satisfaction( 4.96±0.57);The life satisfaction of girls was higher than that of boys;The life satisfaction of only children was higher than that of non-only children( F/t = 17.04,-5.91,2.21,P<0.05).In terms of social desirability,the social desirability of urban children( 32.33±7.04) and county children( 31.78± 6.30) was higher than that of rural children( 30.82±6.34).The social desirability of girls was higher than that of boys,the only children was higher than that of the non-only children( P<0.05).In the overall life satisfaction and all domains of life satisfaction apart from friend life satisfaction,the life satisfaction of urban girls was higher than that of boys( P<0.05).Except for county non-only children,the social desirability of girls was higher than that of boys( P<0.05).In the overall life satisfaction and all domains of life satisfaction apart from family life satisfaction,the life satisfaction of county boys was highest among three areas( P<0.05).In all domains of life satisfaction,the life satisfaction of county girls was highest and the life satisfaction of rural girls was lowest( P<0.05).In the family life satisfaction,the life satisfaction of only boys in urban areas was higher than that of non-only boys( P = 0.03).In the overall,friend,living environment and self-dimension life satisfaction,the only and non-only children in the urban,county and rural area had significant differences( P<0.05).In addition,the life satisfaction of county children was highest and the life satisfaction of rural children was lowest.The social desirability of only children in urban and county areas was higher than that of only children in rural areas.Conclusion There are differences in life satisfaction and social expectations among urban,county and rural children in Harbin.Corresponding intervention strategies should be developed when administers psychological counselling to children.