有色冶金渣制备胶凝材料研究现状与展望

Progress and Prospects of the Preparation of Cementitious Materials Based on Nonferrous Metallurgical Slags

有色冶金渣是有色金属冶炼的副产品,利用有色冶金渣制备可替代水泥的胶凝材料,是实现有色冶金固废大宗量资源化利用的重要途径之一。本文从有色冶金渣成分与结构特征、潜在的胶凝活性及其评价、活性激发方法、胶凝材料制备工艺和胶结体性能5个方面,系统总结了国内外有关有色冶金渣制备胶凝材料的研究进展和成果。目前有色冶金渣制备胶凝材料以试验研究阶段为主,大规模工业化应用案例较少,究其根本原因是尚未彻底突破有色冶金渣低活性有效激发的瓶颈难题。基于此研究,提出了从源头改变有色冶金渣结构,是破解大宗固废规模化利用的关键,讨论了其制备胶凝材料过程中应深入研究的重要问题,阐明了未来应重点关注的研究方向,加快拓展有色冶金渣胶凝材料制备技术的工业化应用。

Nonferrous slag,a by-product of the nonferrous metal smelting process,can be used as a replacement for cement in the preparation of cementitious materials,which is a critical way to utilize large amounts of nonferrous metallurgical solid waste resources.This study systematically analyzed to shed light on the latest research progress and achievements on the cementitious materials mainly prepared with the non-ferrous metallurgical slags both in China and abroad.Particularly,five aspects are emphasized in this paper,which are the composition and structural characteristics of nonferrous slag,potential cementitious properties,the activation method of slag,the preparation methods of cementitious materials,and the performance of its cemented body,respectively.The results showed as below:First,the mineral composition and structures of nonferrous slag differed widely.The crystallization of silicate mineral is almost complete and has high chemical stability,but the content of the vitreous body is lower.Second,the evaluation method of nonferrous slag potential gelling activity and the activity evaluation criteria are inconsistent.Third,the combination of phase modification and compound activation method could effectively improve the gelling activity of nonferrous slag.Fourth,nonferrous slag cementitious materials has good durability and high-temperature resistance and has certain properties of heavy metal solidification.At present,the preparation of cementitious materials based on nonferrous slag is mainly laboratory-based with few examples of large-scale industrial applications.The fundamental reason is that the problem of low and insufficient activity of nonferrous metallurgical slag has not yet been completely solved.As such,changing the structural characteristics of non-ferrous metallurgical slag is the key to overcoming the obstacles to its large-scale industrial utilization.Followed by this,the paper next discussed some important issues involved in the preparation process of cementitious materials and highlights the importance of the establishment of a non-ferrous metallurgical slag cementing system configuration database,the use of molecular research on simulation optimization of activation methods,and the development of simple and efficient activation methods,all in an effort to hasten the expansion of the future industrial application of non-ferrous slag cementitious materials preparation technology.