清末东北鼠疫流言传播中的舆论博弈

Public Opinion Game on the Rumor of Plague Spreading in Northeast China in the Late Qing Dynasty

1910年末1911年初,中国东北地区发生严重的鼠疫疫情,疫情期间广泛流传着“洋人井中下毒”“中俄即将开战”“焚烧活人”等流言。这些流言矛头直指在东北进行殖民侵略的日本和俄国,折射出中国民众对日俄殖民侵略和清廷专制统治的反抗心理。在流言应对中,俄国、日本、清政府互相推诿、指责,各方舆论博弈反映出东北地区舆论主导权被日俄所控,话语权操于日俄之实情。清政府在东北不仅主权沦丧,民众公信力也日渐丧失。风雨飘摇的清王朝在国内革命风暴与国外殖民侵略的双重压力下,必然走向覆灭。

When a severe plague broke out in northeast China at the end of 1910 and the beginning of 1911,rumors such as“foreigners poisoned the wells”,“China and Russia were about to war”,and“people were burnt alive”were widely spreading.These rumors were directed against Japan and Russia’s colonial invasions in Northeast China,reflecting Chinese people’s resistance against their colonization and the autocratic ruling of the Qing government.In response to the rumors,Russia,Japan,and the Qing government began to blame each other and started a three-party public opinion game,showing that the dominant power of public opinions and the discourse power in northeast China were dominated by Japan and Russia.In that case,since the Qing government lost not only its sovereignty in northeast China,but also its public credibility,it was bound to collapse under the dual pressure from both domestic revolutions and foreign colonial invasion.