简帛《老子》通假字音韵释例

Some Discussion on the Phonological Issues in the Bamboo Slips and Silk Manuscripts of Laozi

论文讨论简帛本、传世本《老子》所见九组通假字(兼及谐声、词族、异文等)所反映的音韵问题,并对王力、李方桂、郑张尚芳、白一平和沙加尔(Baxter-Sagart)等各家上古音构拟进行了评述,进而提出新见解。声母层面,如:1)与见组^*k-语音相关的章组拟作^*klj-(“處凥”),书母字拟作^*kh.lj-(“暑”);2)与见组^*kr-语音相关的来母可拟作^*g.r-(“朸”);3)与明母^*m-语音相关的泥母字拟作^*mlj-(“溺”)、日母字拟作^*m.lj-;4)与日母语音相关的透母字拟作^*n-(“退”);5)与从母语音相关的禅母字拟作^*gj->^*dj-(“成”)。韵母层面,如歌微(“羸虆累”)相通、歌佳鱼(“兮呵”)相通、谈东(“淡”)相通等。

In this article,we address the phonological issues reflected by nine groups of tongjia(通假)(interchangeable words)words found in the excavated bamboo and silk texts and such extant texts of Laozi(老子)as the Wang Bi edition and check the related evidences including phonetic compounds,word families and yiwen(异文)(variants).In this study,we compare the reconstruction of phonological system of Old Chinese assumed by Wang(1957),Li(1971),Zhengzhang(2013)and Baxter&Sagart(2014),point out the value or inadequacy of their reconstructions and put forward out proposal for further improvement.On the whole,a combination of Chinese paleography and historical phonology is necessary for fuller understanding of the phonological issues.