非遗保护的继承与创新及其与文化市场、文化创意产业的关系--由黎族传统纺染织绣技艺十年保护引起的思考

Inheritance and Innovation of Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection and Its Relationship with Cultura Market and Cultural Creative Industry:Reflections on the Ten-Year Protection of Li NationalityS Traditional Textile,Dyeing and Embroidery Techniques

传统工艺是人们世代相传的实践技艺,一般主要是借助手工来完成的一些具有鲜明民族风格和地域特色的工艺品种和技艺,不仅覆盖了人们传统的生活方式和生产方式的方方面面,也与当下的日常生活有着不可分割的联系。传统工艺虽呈现为工艺形态,但它涵盖的历史、文化、审美的记忆,深深地融入到人们的血脉之中,成为构成我们精神家园的文化影像,也是建构我们的文化自信和家国情怀的一个重要精神源泉。我国被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产急需保护名录的黎族传统纺染织绣技艺,已经走过十年的保护历程,目前已成为世界范围内通过保护、传承而改变自身濒危状况最为显著的、为数不多的项目之一。我们可以从中得到科学保护非物质文化遗产的很多启示。其中,非遗保护的继承与创新,非遗保护与文化市场、文化产业之关系问题的思考,尤其对当下非遗保护概念内涵的科学把握,有着重要的现实意义。在非遗保护与文化市场、文化产业的关系中,我们要特别注意的是文化创意产品的生产不能侵害非遗传承,更不能以此认定这就是非遗传承的必然路径并以此直接简单代替非遗传承,非遗保护过程中要防止文化创意化的不良倾向。非遗保护是需要把抢救和保护放在第一位,非遗保护是原真性的保护,而不是创意性的变异,因趋利而将文化创意产业引入非遗保护的范畴,把文化创意化当成非遗保护,我们可能不仅不能很好地保护非遗,反而可能会加速失去我们本应珍视和保护的文化本质。

Our country is listed as the UNESCO intangible cultural heritage in urgent need of protection list of the Li traditional textile dyeing embroidery technology,has gone through a decade of protection process,has become the world through protection,inheritance and change their endangered status of one of the most significant projects.We can get a lot of inspiration from the scientific protection of intangible cultural heritage.A-mong them,the inheritance and innovation of Intangible Cultural Heritage protection,the thinking of the relationship between Intangible Cultural Heritage protection and cultural market and cultural industry,especially the scientifie grasp of Intangible Cultural Heritage protection at present,have important practical significance.In the relationship be-tween Intangible Cultural Heritage protection and cultural market and cultural industry,we should pay special attention to the fact that the production of cultural and creative products can not infringe on Intangible Cultural Heritage,let a-lone identify this as the path of Intangible Cultural Heritage and replace it.Intangible Cultural Heritage protection should prevent the tendency of cultural creativity.Intangible Cultural Heritage is to put rescue and protection first,In-tangible Cultural Heritage protection is the prolection of authenticity,not the variation of creativity.We may not only fail to protect Intangible Cultural Heritage.but may accelerate the loss of the cultural essence that we should cherish and protect.