1920年代初北京演艺市场竞争研究--以演艺场所“混合性舞台”特征为视角

On the Competition of Beijing Entertainment Market in 1920s;From the Perspective of “Mixed Stage” Characteristics of Theaters

1920年代北京文化娱乐市场上最重要的三个演出品类是传统旧戏、电影和新剧,它们在各自发展的过程中互相竞争、互相借鉴、互相助力。当时著名的戏院、剧院和电影院的经营者,为了最大程度降低营业风险、争夺潜在消费者,一方面提升自己的核心演艺业务的吸引力,另一方面又兼营其他艺术门类,几乎让每一个舞台都呈现出“混合性舞台”的特点、。真光电影院和开明戏院在“旧戏加电影”演出模式之下突出各自营业特色,各有所长,而在蒲伯英掌控下的新明剧场则与人艺剧专合作形成了独特的“新剧加旧戏”的演出模式,但由于种种历史原因,该模式最终被“旧戏加电影”所取代。演艺市场转型升级的过程,其实就是旧戏、新剧和电影三方及其背后的文化与商业力量在特定社会潮流和文化语境中不断博弈的历史过程,而营业考量和商业逻辑则是在纷繁复杂的文化表象下真正起决定作用的那只“看不见的手”。

In the 1920s,traditional opera,drama and films were the three most important art categories in Beijings entertainment market.They competed with each other in the process of their development,and at the same time,they learned from each other and helped each other.In particular,in order to minimize business risks and compete for po-tential consumers,the operators of the famous theatres and cinemas at that time,on the one hand,proposed to mini-mize business risks and compete for potential consumers.They not only Enhance the attractiveness of its core enter-tainment business,but operate other art categories,8o that almost every stage presents the characteristics of"mixed stage".Under the performance mode of"traditional opera plus film",Zhenguang cinema and Kaiming theater high-light their own business characteristics.Under the control of Pu Boying,the cooperation between Xinming theater and the peoples Arnt School has formed a unique performance mode of"drama plus traditional opera".Due to various historical reasons,this mode was eventually replaced by"traditional opera plus film"。The process of transformation and upgrading of the entertainment market is actually a historical process in which the three parties,traditional opera,dra-ma and film,and the cultural and commercial forces behind them constantly wrestle and cormpete in a specific social trend and cultural context.Business considerations and business logic are the"invisible hand"that really plays a de-cisive role in the complex cultural representation.