晚清书画消费活动下的人物画与写真主义复兴

Figure Painting and the Revival of Realism under the Consumption of Calligraphy and Painting in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清时期,贴近时俗成为市场的主流基调,人物画题材相对于山水、花鸟画更易于广大普通民众接受,因此也成为职业画家们的主攻方向。随着人物画的兴盛,写真主丈开始复兴。任熊、任薰继承和改造了晚明陈洪绶的人物画特征,得到了市场的认可。另一方面,由于西洋绘画受众逐渐增多,钱慧安的人物画借鉴西方技术,在“俗”与“像”上下足功夫,成为其鬻艺成功的基石。而任伯年的成功则归根于他既有西画学习基础亦有丰富的写生经验,故能够准确地表现复杂的人体结构。此外,任伯年还打破了门类窠臼,将写真的理念推广到花鸟画领域,对后世书画艺术的发展影响深远。

In late Qing Dynasty,being close to the times and customs became the mainstream keynote of the market.Compared with land-scape painting,flower and bird painting,the theme of figure painting was more easily accepted by the general public,so it also became the main direction of professional painters.W ith the prosperity of figure painting,realism began to revive.Ren Xiong and Ren Xun inheri-ted and transformed the characteristics of Chen Hongshous figure painting in latle Ming Dynasty,and were recognized by the market.On the other hand,due to the increasing audience of W estemn painting,Qian Huiang figure painting draws lessons from W estemn technology and makes great efforts on"vulgarity"and"image",which has become the cornerstone of his success.The success of Ren Bonian is due to his rich experence in Westerm painting and painting,so he can accurately represent the complex human body structure.In addition,Ren also broke the stereotype of categories and exlended the concept of realistic painting to the field of flower and bird painting,which is of great significance to the development of calligraphy and painting art in later generations.