违禁物没收研究——以《刑法》第64条为切入点

On Contraband Forfeiture using Article 64 of Criminal Law as Breakthrough Point

违禁物是整个法律体系的通用概念,违禁物是在相应客观条件之下,依其性质或状况,对公民、社会以及国家等具有一定危险性的物品。违禁物的危险性是其本质特性,违禁物没收的核心在于其自身危险性的认定上。因此,违禁物的没收并不依赖于刑事不法行为的存在,应被纳入义务没收的范畴。违禁物的没收涉及公民的财产权利,对违禁物没收应当注重违禁物的认定方法,减少违禁物没收的限制条件,明确对无违禁情形第三人的保护。由于违禁物具有易变性,在违禁物同其他客体发生冲突或竞合时,应当优先适用违禁物的没收。

Contraband,a general concept in the legal system,refers to the items that are dangerous to citizens,soci⁃ety,and the state according to their nature or condition under corresponding objective circumstances.Fatalness is its essen⁃tial characteristic,and the core of contraband forfeiting lies in the determination of its own fatalness.Therefore,the forfei⁃ture of contraband should be included in the scope of compulsory forfeiture,not depending on the existence of criminal wrongful act.It involves the property rights of citizens.The identification method of contraband should be paid attention,the restrictions of contraband forfeiture should be reduced,and protection of a third party without contraband should be cleared.Since contraband is variable,the forfeiture of prohibited items should be given priority when the forfeiture object conflicts with other objects.