新疆水库大坝70年建设成就

70 years of dam construction in Xinjiang

新中国成立以来,为促进绿洲农业灌溉和生活供水的需要,截止2019年全疆和兵团已建、在建及拟建水库724座、总库容290亿m^3。为展示在该领域取得的伟大成就,本文综述了在复杂地质环境和脆弱生态环境等条件下,新疆水库建设的探索与实践。新疆水库建设中,筑坝材料不断改进,面板坝、沥青心墙坝、常态及碾压混凝土坝等各类坝型不断涌现,过鱼设施及鱼类保护措施多样化发展,新技术、新材料、新工艺的引进吸收不断创新。新疆水库工程的建设在灌溉、供水、防洪、发电、水产养殖、旅游等方面发挥了重要的社会、经济和生态效益。

Since the founding of new China,in order to promote the needs of agricultural irrigation and do-mestic water supply in the oasis,724 reservoirs with a total storage capacity of 29 billion m3 have been built or proposed to be built in Xinjiang by 2019.In order to show the great achievements in this field,the exploration and practice of reservoir construction in Xinjiang under the conditions of complex geological environment and fragile ecological environment were summarized in this paper.It can be seen that in the reservoir construction,the damming materials are constantly improved.Various types of dam,such as face slab dam,asphalt core dam,normal and roller compacted concrete dam,have been constantly emerging,diversified development has taken place in fish crossing facilities and fish protection measures,and con-stant innovation has been promoted in the introduction and absorption of new technologies,new materials and new processes.In terms of social,economic and ecological benefits,the construction of Xinjiang reser-voir projects has played an important role in irrigation,water supply,flood control,power generation,aqua-culture and tourism.