城市公交过剩通勤分析与评价——以广州市为例

Analyzing and evaluating of the urban transit excess commuting:a case study of Guangzhou City

利用公共交通出行的IC卡(smart card)数据,对城市公交通勤出行进行多种交通方式的过剩通勤分析,综合评估城市公交通勤,提出多交通方式的优化建议.以中国广州市作为研究案例,结果表明,广州居民公共交通平均通勤距离处于合理水平,不区分交通方式的过剩通勤指标与北京和上海近似,体现了3个城市整体公共交通发展水平一致;但广州市常规公交的过剩通勤指标高于地铁,与交通方式的预期不符,表明广州市常规公交和地铁尚有较大优化空间.过剩通勤可以有效评价城市公共交通空间结构的合理性,多交通方式的过剩通勤分析可以进一步发掘多种交通方式联合优化方向.

We carry out the excess commuting analysis of various transit modes by using the smart card data of public transportation,and comprehensively evaluate the spatial structure of urban transit system and explore the optimization strategies for multiple transit modes.A case study of Guangzhou City indicates that Guangzhou s average commuting distance for residents is at a reasonable level and the excess commuting index without distinguishing traffic modes is similar to that of Beijing or Shanghai,which is consistent with the accordant level of development of transit systems.However,the excess commuting index of conventional bus system in Guangzhou is higher than that of the metro system,which is inconsistent with the expectation of transportation mode,indicating that both bus and metro system in Guangzhou can be further optimized.The results show that the excess commuting theory is suitable to evaluate the overall performance of urban transit systems,and the excess commuting analysis by multiple transit modes is useful to find the joint optimization direction of multiple modes of transportation.