牛首山故事中的江南书写与权力话语

The Writing of Jiangnan and the Power Discourse in Niushou Mountain's Story

政局变动,江南的区域认知也随之而变。牛首山的古迹与诗词参与其中,见证了几段独特的历史。第一段是东晋把牛首山视作江南江北的心理分界线。王导在晋室南迁后把牛首山称作“天阙”。这一命名对于东晋士人江南范围产生了重要的心理影响,后世对于王导命名天阙山的评价褒贬不一。批评者主要为暗讽时政的乱世文人,赞扬者主要是深知治国艰难的执政者。第二段是两宋之际牛首山抗金与“眼香娘娘”的故事。岳飞在牛首山打败金兀术的事迹被历代传颂。周宝偀独特地描写了宋高宗南渡,留在南京的妃子因善治眼疾而被百姓奉为“眼香娘娘”的事迹。这两个南迁的政权发展出从建康到吴越的江南认知,而牛首山真实地反映出两套话语体系,一是东晋政权建立的话语,而后世文人又不断地解构这种话语,二是在宋室对抗金国的不同时期下人民的话语。从这个意义上说,牛首山诗词对于江南的书写就是一部完整的心态史。

As the political situation changes,the regional cognition of Jiangnan also changes.The ancient monuments and poems of Niushou Mountain are among them,witnessing several unique periods of history.The first is that the Eastern Jin Dynasty regarded Niushou Mountain as the psychological boundary of Jiangnan and Jiangbei.Wang Dao called Niushou Mountain"Tianque"after the Jin Dynasty moved south.This naming had an important psychological influence on the southern region of scholars in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Later generations had different opinions on the naming of Tianque Mountain by Wang Dao.The critics are mainly the scholars who allude to the current situation,and the praises are mainly the rulers who know the difficulty of governing.The second story is the record of fighting against aggressors in Song Dynasty by Yue Fei who is regarded as a brave hero in Chinese history.The third is the story of an imperial concubine who cued people’s eye illness.The three stories developed the Jiangnan’s cognition,and the mountain truly reflected the two sets of discourse system,one is the officials’discourse in Jin Dynasty,the second is the people's discourse in Song Dynasty.From this point,Niushou Mountain poetry is a complete history of mentality for the writing of Jiangnan.