清末新兴政治力量中华民族观念萌生及扩散的历史过程

The Historical Process of the Emergence and Diffusion of the Concept of the Chinese Nation of Emerging Political Forces in the Late Qing Dynasty

现代中华民族观念孕育于近代中国志士仁人“救亡图存”的政治实践。清末维新派代表人物梁启超提出的“中华民族”概念、对大、小“中华民族”主义的阐释及扩散,标志着维新派中华民族观念的形成。民主革命先行者孙中山在酝酿、领导辛亥革命过程中对“中华民族”主义的阐释、宣传及传播,也标志了革命派中华民族观念的形成。尽管这两个政治力量都致力于建立中华民族的现代国家,但他们从一开始就在如何处理汉、满民族关系,如何建立以及建立一个什么样的民族国家上存在重大分歧。他们在现代中华民族观念形成与传布方面的贡献人们应当铭记,但他们的中华民族观念均有着明显的历史局限,其中一些错误主张在我国后来的政治实践中有过重现,仍然值得今天的人们警醒。

The concept of modern Chinese nation was conceived in the political practice of"salvation and survival"in modern China.The concept of"Chinese nation"put forward by Liang Qichao,explained and spread the big and small"Chinese nation"doctrine,marking the formation of the notion of the Chinese nation of the Reformation.Sun Yat-sen's interpretation,propaganda and dissemination of"Chinese nation"in the process of brewing and leading the Revolution of 1911 also marked the formation of the revolutionary Chinese national concept.Although these two political forces committed to building a modern state of the Chinese nation,they have had major differences on how to integrate the relationship between the Han and Manchus,establish and what kind of nation-state from the beginning.Their historical contributions to the formation and dissemination of“Chinese nation”should be remembered by later generations.However,their Chinese nation concept have obvious historical limitations.Some of these erroneous claims have also been reproduced in our later political practice,we must be alert to for its.