农地流转的化肥减量效应——基于地权流动性与稳定性的分析

The Impact of Farmland Transfer on Farmers’Fertilizer Reduction:An Analysis of Transferability and Security of Land Rights

研究目的:基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2015年数据,探究不同规模和契约下农地流转对农户化肥减量使用的影响机理,为协调农地流转与化肥减量政策提供参考。研究方法:内生转换模型(ESRM)。研究结果:(1)全样本农户的计量模型结果表明农地转入对农户化肥使用强度影响并不显著,种植产业结构变化会引起化肥使用量的巨大变化,机耕道路的完善、农户人均收入的提高有利于化肥减量,有灌溉设施反而会增加化肥使用强度,东中部化肥使用强度也高于西部地区。(2)针对不同规模和契约的分析表明,规模流转有利于发挥地权流动性效应,流转期限延长则可以稳定转入土地的经营权,从而显著降低农户化肥使用强度,同时,规模流转农户化肥使用强度主要受土地质量影响,而小农户化肥使用主要受种植产业结构、机耕道路、灌溉设施、人均收入等因素影响,相较于长期流转,短期流转农户更受限于家庭收入、农业劳动力、年龄等因素而过量使用化肥。(3)异质性分析结果表明,规模扩张对经济作物种植化肥减量作用更明显,而长期流转对粮食作物种植化肥减量影响更显著。研究结论:农地流转对农户化肥使用行为的影响因不同规模与契约而异,政府应协调推进农地流转和化肥减量运动,改善地权流动性以提高要素使用效率,保障地权稳定性以优化农地投资决策,还应针对不同区域、不同类型农户采取差异化政策。

The purposes of this paper are to explore the impact mechanism of farmland transfer under different scales and contracts on the reduction of fertilizer use based on the data of CHFS2015,and to provide a reference for coordinating the policy of farmland transfer and fertilizer reduction.The research method is the endogenous switching model(ESRM).The research results show that:1)the results of the measurement model of the full sample of farmers indicate that farmland transfer has no significant impact on the intensity of fertilizer use.Changes in the planting industry structure cause huge changes in fertilizer use.The improvement of mechanical farming roads and the increase of farmers’per capita income are conducive to the reduction of chemical fertilizers.Irrigation facilities increase the intensity of fertilizer use.The intensity of fertilizer use in the eastern and central regions is also higher than that in the western region.2)The analysis of different scales and contracts shows that the scale transfer is beneficial to the liquidity effect of land rights,and the extension of the transfer period can stabilize the land management rights,thus significantly reducing the intensity of the use of chemical fertilizers.At the same time,the intensity of fertilizer used by large-scale-transfer farmers is mainly affected by land quality,while the use of fertilizer by small ones is mainly affected by factors such as planting industry structure,mechanical farming roads,irrigation facilities and per capita income.Compared with long-term transfer,short-term transfer farmers are limited by factors such as family income,agricultural labor force,age and other factors cause excessive use of chemical fertilizers.3)The results of heterogeneity analysis show that scale expansion has a more obvious effect on the reduction of chemical fertilizers in cash crops,while long-term transfer has a more significant effect on the reduction of chemical fertilizers in food crops.In conclusion,the impact of farmland transfer on the use of fertilizers varies with different scales and contracts,the government should coordinate the promotion of farmland transfer and fertilizer reduction campaigns,and improve the liquidity of land rights to improve the utilization efficiency of factors,to ensure the stability of land rights to optimize farmland investment decisions,and should also adopt different policy for different types of farmers.