社区建成环境对儿童健康影响的进展研究——基于体力活动视角的文献述评及展望

Research on the Impact of the Community Built Environment on Children's Health:Literature Review and Prospects from the Perspective of Physical Activities

如何通过优化环境减少儿童肥胖病的发生已成为健康城市研究领域的前沿课题,大量既有文献表明城市规划可通过对各类环境要素的优化达到增加儿童体力活动的目的,但如何优化及两者间的影响机制等问题仍有待明晰与验证。本文选取国内外核心合集数据库,以1999~2019年发表的497篇文献作为数据源,对国内外建成环境与儿童体力健康研究的关键词热度、期刊分布特征等进行评述,并详细分析其中60篇文献,研究发现:(1)建成环境指标在微观及视觉层面涉及较少;(2)客观定量的评测方法应用较少,儿童体力活动时空路径特征研究稀少;(3)影响机制较为匮乏且缺少实例验证;(4)地理加权回归模型尚未应用于儿童健康水平分析;(5)影响儿童体力健康的建成环境因子权重体系亟需建立。通过对已有文献梳理,指出当前研究缺陷及未来方向,为优化建成环境,提升儿童健康提出规划策略,以期在“健康中国”大背景下为国内开展该领域的实证研究提供参考和依据。

How to reduce childhood obesity by optimizing the environment has become a frontier issue in the field of healthy cities research.A great volume of existing studies has shown that urban planning can increase children's physical activities by optimizing various environmental elements.However,the best way to optimize environmental elements and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In total,497 documents,published between 1999 and 2019,were selected as data sources to review the impact of the built environment on children's physical health;among the included studies,60 documents were analyzed in detail.It was found that:(1)built environment indicators are less involved in terms of the micro and visual aspect;(2)objective and quantitative evaluation methods are seldom used,and study of the spatio-temporal path characteristics of children's physical activities is scarce;(3)there are few studies on the underlying mechanisms and case validation is lacking;(4)geographically weighted regression models have not been applied to the analysis of children's health;(5)a weighting system of environmental factors needs to be established urgently.Through the review of the existing literature,the current study highlights the deficiencies in the current research,points to future research directions,and proposes planning strategies for optimizing the built environment and improving children's health.This study can act as a reference for domestic empirical research in this field under the background of"healthy China".