从“贾政游园路线”谈《红楼梦》大观园与圆明园之关系

Relationship between the Grand View Garden in A Dream of Red Mansions and Yuanmingyuan Palace from the Perspective of"Jia Zheng's Tour Route"

以有正本《红楼梦》第十七回中"贾政游园路线"为线索,以私家园林和皇家园林的造园手法为参考,对《红楼梦》大观园和圆明园之间景点的对应关系进行比较分析,探究两个园林在相对位置和园林要素方面的联系。结论如下:(1)相对位置方面:大观园的稻香村、蓼汀花溆、蘅芜苑、正殿、怡红院与圆明园的杏花春馆、平湖秋月、四宜书屋、方壶胜境、勤政亲贤分别对应;(2)植物方面:大观园中,潇湘馆的竹林、稻香村的杏花、蘅芜苑和怡红院的柳树、正殿的松树都可以在圆明园的对应景点中找到相同的植物对应;(3)建筑方面:大观园正门、潇湘馆、稻香村、蘅芜苑、正殿、怡红院与圆明园的大宫门、天然图画、杏花春馆、四宜书屋、方壶胜境、勤政亲贤分别对应;(4)山石方面:大观园的稻香村、蘅芜苑和怡红院与圆明园的杏花春馆、四宜书屋以及勤政亲贤分别对应;(5)水体方面:大观园的潇湘馆与圆明园的天然图画对应。从风景园林角度为大观园和圆明园的相关性研究提供了思路,为今后两个园林深入的比较研究提供了方法。

Based on"Jia Zheng’s Tour Route"in the seventeenth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions,and using the gardening methods of private gardens and royal gardens as a reference point,the relationship between the scenic spots in Grand View Garden and Yuanmingyuan Garden were compared and analyzed.The relationship between the two gardens in terms of relative position and garden elements was investigated.Several conclusions were drawn regarding the following five elements:relative locations,plants,architectural structures,mountains and stones,and bodies of water.In respective order,greater detail for each was revealed:(1)Daoxiangcun,Liaotinghuaxu,Hengwuyuan,the main hall,Yihongyuan in the Grand View Garden and Xinghuachunguan,Pinghuqiuyue,Siyishuwu,Fanghu Shengjing,Beiyuanshancun,and Qinzhengqinxian in the Yuanmingyuan Palace were found to correspond with each other;(2)bamboo in Xiaoxiangguan,apricot blossom in Daoxiangcun,willow in Hengwuyuan and Yihongyuan,and pine in the main hall were found in the corresponding scenic spots of Yuanmingyuan;(3)the main gate,Xiaoxiangguan,Daoxiangcun,Hengwuyuan,the main hall,Yihongyuan and the Grand Palace Gate,Tianrantuhua,Xignhuachuanguan,Siyishuwu,Fanghushengjing,and Qinzhengqinxian in Yuanmingyuan were found to correspond with each other;(4)Daoxiangcun,Hengwuyuan/Yihongyuan/Xignhuachuanguan,Siyishuwu,and Qinzhengqinxian in Yuanmingyuan corresponded with each other;and(5)Xiaoxiangguan in the Grand View Garden was found to correspond with Tianrantuhua in Yuanmingyuan.This study provides a reference point for an exploration of the relationship between the Grand View Garden and Yuanmingyuan Palace from the perspective of landscape architecture,and offers a method for further comparative analysis of these two gardens.