汉阳陵东阙门出土黑色颜料的科学分析

Scientific analyses of the black pigments from the Eastern Gate Tower of Han Yang Mausoleum

为了科学分析汉阳陵东阙门西壁黑色颜料的组成和进一步探讨汉代皇陵颜料的使用状况,采用超景深显微观察、扫描电镜能谱(SEM-EDS)以及面扫描技术、X射线衍射(XRD)等测试方法,结合文献资料进行了科学分析鉴定与深入探讨。结果表明该黑色成分是氧化铜,应是原先含铜的蓝绿色颜料经过火烧氧化后所造成,属后呈现色彩。这一结果为后续彩绘类文物颜料鉴定提供科学思维,即不仅使用现代分析测试手段分析鉴定当前状态下的颜料种类,还应结合文物所处的环境变化,科学系统地指明其色彩呈现形式。另外,实验中使用的扫描电镜能谱面扫描技术可清楚确认颜料颗粒的分布情况,在微观分析颜料颗粒方面具有不可比拟的优越性。

In order to scientifically analyze the composition of the black pigment on the west wall at the Eastern Gate Tower of Han Yang Mausoleum and further discuss the usage of pigments in Han imperial mausoleums,we adopted super depth field microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS),map scanning technologies and X-ray diffraction(XRD),as well as a reference to relevant literature to make scientific analysis and in-depth discussion.The results show that the black component is copper oxide,which was caused by the oxidation of the original copper-containing blue-green pigment.This paper provides a scientific basis for subsequent pigment identification of painted cultural relics.That is,not only were modern analytical and testing means used to analyze and identify pigment species in their current state,but also it is pointed out that their color presentation forms are scientifically based on the environmental changes of the cultural relics.In addition,the map scanning of SEM-EDS technology can clearly identify the distribution of pigment particles,so it has incomparable advantages in microscopic analysis of pigment particles.