我国地下水抗生素污染及生态风险研究进展

Review on the pollution and risk assessment of antibiotics in the groundwater system in China

我国已成为世界上最大的抗生素生产和使用国,大部分抗生素被滥用,许多抗生素被直接或间接排放到河流、地表及环境中,直至地下水系统。地下水作为世界许多地区最主要的公共供水和饮用水来源之一,也是我国饮用水的主要来源,我国70%的人口饮用了地下水。研究表明,我国的地下水正受到不同程度的污染,本文在结合前期学者的研究基础之上,系统地对全国不同区域的地下水中抗生素的残留分布及风险的研究进行分析,发现虽然不同区域的抗生素含量差异较大,但抗生素污染水平主要分布于200 ng/L左右,其中四环素类和喹诺酮类等检出频率较高;由评估生态风险的相关数据计算出抗生素风险的熵值,结果表明,大多数地下水中抗生素风险熵值RQ低于1.0,显示风险可控,但也有部分区域呈现高风险情况。

The production and widespread use of antibiotics have been going on for decades. However,many antibiotics are directly or indirectly discharged into environment. Unfortunately,the existing water treatment plants are still unable to effectively eliminate antibiotics due to their characteristics. Therefore,wastewater containing antibiotics enters the environment through absorption reaction. elution and infiltration. Recently,researchers played more interests in the study of the antibiotics in environment,for it posed the potential risk on the ecosystem. More and more studies reported on the analytical methods of antibiotics,behavior,migration and characteristics of antibiotics in different regions,as well as the ecological and human risk assessment. In this article,many of studies on antibiotics in groundwater were recited and summarized,which indicated that the distribution of antibiotics was regional,however,individual antibiotic level focused on 200 ng/L,and common antibiotics like TCs and FQs were detected frequently. The articles also showed that the environmental risk caused by individual antibiotic was mainly low and middle at controlled level,even the high risk in some region. Nevertheless,the highly risk caused by some of the antibiotics in the recharged groundwater system,which bring about further concerns.