长江经济带典型城市用水效率变化特征分析

Variation of urban water use efficiencies among cities across Yangtze river economic belt

随着城市供用水矛盾日益突出,评价并提高城市用水效率对城市的管理和健康发展具有重要意义。通过汇集各项用水和经济社会发展数据,建立了城市用水效率评价指标体系,分析评价了长江经济带典型城市2009-2016年综合用水效率。城市用水效率由高至低依次为上海市、重庆市、南京市、武汉市,且均较过去有所提高。具体来看,4个城市的管网漏损率均较高,需着力改造供水管网;上海市要重点提高生活和公共服务用水效率;南京市应重点提高公共服务用水效率和污水集中处理率;武汉市需关注生活用水效率;重庆市应针对高耗水行业进行节水技术改进。提升城市用水效率应着重针对薄弱环节,把握节水重点。

With the intensification of conflicts between urban water supply and demand,it is of great importance to evaluate and improve urban water use efficiencies in order to keep sustainable development of society. In this study,we set up an index system for evaluating urban water use efficiencies,by which we further analyzed water use efficiencies among megacities across the Yangtze River Economic Belt based on the dataset from 2009 to 2016. It revealed that water use efficiencies have improved in all the megacities,among which Shanghai ranked the first,followed by Chongqing,Nanjing,and Wuhan. For the sake of the increase of water use efficiency,all the megacities require improve water supply pipe network to reduce water leakage. The critical sectors call for improvement on water use efficiency are domestic and municipal for Shanghai,municipal and environmental for Nanjing,domestic for Wuhan,and industrial for Chongqing,respectively.