1998-2018年黄河流域水资源变化特征研究

Study on the change characteristics of water resources in the Yellow River Basin from 1998 to 2018

通过分析1998-2018年黄河流域年均降雨量、径流量、输沙量和不同水质河长所占比例的变化特征。结果表明,黄河流域年均降雨量总体上呈上升趋势,各水文站径流量普遍低于亦低于1956-2000年均值;黄河流域输沙量主要集中在中游流域,且呈显著降低的趋势。1998-2005年黄河流域干流和支流水质总体偏差,2005-2018年黄河流域Ⅳ~Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类水质河长所占比例显著降低,而Ⅲ类以上水质河长所占比例显著增加。降雨量与输沙量无显著关系,与径流量显著正相关;输沙量与Ⅳ~Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类水质河长所占比例呈显著正相关,与Ⅲ类以上水质河长所占比例呈显著负相关。本研究表明,近20 a黄河流域湿润度增加,由需水量增加等原因引起黄河流域径流量总体上低于1956-2000年均值,黄河干流和支流水质显著提高,建议今后继续保持对黄河流域的各项生态环境管理制度。

Through analyzing the variation characteristics of the average annual rainfall sediment runoff yield and the proportion of river length with different water quality in the Yellow River basin from 1998 to 2018. The results show that the average annual rainfall in the Yellow River basin is on the whole on the rise,and the runoff of all hydrological stations is generally lower than or lower than the average from 1956 to 2000. The sediment yield of the Yellow River basin is mainly concentrated in the middle reaches of the river basin and shows a significant decrease trend. From 2005 to 2018,the proportion of river heads with Ⅳ ~ Ⅴ and inferior Ⅴ water quality in the Yellow River basin decreased significantly,while the proportion of river heads with above Ⅲ water quality increased significantly. There was no significant relationship between rainfall and sediment transport,but significant positive correlation between rainfall and runoff. There was a significant positive correlation between sediment transport volume and the proportion of river heads with Ⅳ ~ Ⅴ and inferior Ⅴ water quality,and a significant negative correlation between sediment transport volume and the proportion of river heads with superior Ⅲ water quality. This study shows that the increase of wet ability of the Yellow River basin in the past 20 years is caused by the increase of water demand and other reasons,the runoff volume of the Yellow River basin is lower than the average value in the years from 1956 to 2000 on the whole,and the water quality of the main stream and tributaries of the Yellow River is significantly improved. It is suggested that various ecological and environmental management systems of the Yellow River basin should be maintained in the future.