取自然之物 抒自然之情——白石词自然意象探微

Metaphorizing What is in Nature and Expressing What is Natural——On the natural images in Poetry Anthology of Taoist Priest Baishi

姜夔坎坷多舛的人生遭际和羁旅漂泊的江湖词人身份造就了其词作清冷悲凉之基调,而这种清空的词风意境之塑造极大程度上源于白石词中意象的析取选用。白石采取缘物寄情、寓意于境的表现手法,将其身世际遇与情感体验同与之契合的客观物象相结合,创造出了囊括月、烟、云、雨等地理意象,梅、柳、松、竹等植物意象,以及飞禽、走兽、昆虫等动物意象于其中的品类多样、内涵丰富的自然意象系统,在述说其孤寂的人生体验和精神意绪的同时,也使得其词作情真境美而自成高格。

Jiang Kui’s ups and downs life experience and the identity as an itinerant poet in traveling and wandering in a strange place contributes to the tone of his poems as bleak and sad.The creation of this cold and solemn mood of poetry can be read largely from the disjunction and selection of images in the poetry.Expressing his affections by objective things and implicating his messages in surroundings,Baishi combines his life fate and emotional experience with objective images that are accordant and thus creates a variety of natural image systems with rich connotations,including the geographical images of moon,smoke,cloud and rain,the plant images of plum blossoms,willows,pines and bamboos and as well as the animal images of birds,beasts and insects.At the same time his representation of lonely life experience and spiritual mood also makes his lyrics beautiful and self-styled.