作为媒体人的普希金

Pushkin as the Journalist

普希金的媒体人活动大体可以分为:30年代以前作为报刊撰稿人时期,30年代作为《北方之花》和《文学报》的编辑、出版人时期,以及独立创办《现代人》时期三个阶段。其媒体人身份,首先是一种政论活动。他利用各种文学手段和化名,曲折地进行“政治写作”。在期刊文章及刊物活动中,赋予新闻业公民性、道德性和独立性。他创造了一种“完美的”论争体裁,反对在批评与争论中的“礼貌”和“良善”,要求“智慧”“有效”“鲜活”“尖锐”的争论,从而一反学界塑造的普希金和谐、温暖、甜蜜的化身的印象。普希金逐渐成为俄国文化的象征之后,这种印象就越来越占主流地位,这正是我们要深入研究其媒体人身份的重要原因之一。

As a journalist,Pushkin’s activities are divided into three stages more or less:he was a writer for newspapers before the thirties;he serves editor and publisher as Northern Flowers and The Literary Gazette,and independently establishes The Contemporary during the thirties.His identity as journalist is a political comment activityfirstly.He takes advantage of all kinds of literary means and pseudonyms,circuitously engaging in“political writing”.In journal articles and publication activities,he endows journalism with citizenship,morality and independence.Meanwhile,he creates a“perfect”polemic genre,opposing“politeness”and“goodness”in criticisms and arguments,requiring“intelligent”,“efficient”,“vivid”and“incisive”arguments,thus changing the impression which the academic circle shaped-Pushkin is the embodiment of harmony,warmth and sweetness.After Pushkin increasingly becomes the symbol of Russian culture,the impression dominates more and more the mainstream position.It is one of important reasons why we deeply study his identity asa journalist.