制度变迁视阈下中国社会流动机制演进分析

Analysis on the Evolution of China’s Social Mobility Mechanism from the Perspective of Institutional Transformation

过去四十年,以诱致性制度变迁为主、强制性制度变迁为辅的改革开放是中国前进的重要动力。经济高速增长,社会流动加剧,分层体系重塑。在渐进性制度变迁中,政府与市场或权力与经济之间的作用力此消彼长,辅助以社会关系相调节,社会流动机制因时而变。渐进性制度变迁的路径依赖造成累积性问题——超规模流动人口或农民工。条块分割的单项制度改革已无能为力,需要顶层设计系统性的改革方案来根除结构性障碍、趋向公平正义;发挥制度优势,减轻先赋性障碍。纠正市场失灵,缩小收入差距,精准扶贫脱贫,打破资本垄断,促进公共服务均等化,为各阶层创造平等的机会,实现社会长治久安。

Over the past 40 years,the reform and opening up policy,which is mainly induced institutional change and supplemented by mandatory institutional transformation,has been an important driving force for China’s progress.With the rapid economic growth,social mobility has intensified and the hierarchical system has been reshaped.In the gradual institutional transformation,the forces between the government and the market,or between power and economy,are adjusted by social relations.The mechanism of social mobility changes with time.The gradual institutional transformation is prone to path dependence,forming a cumulative problem-super scale floating population or migrant workers.The single system reform of fragmentation has been unable to do anything about it.We need to design a systematic reform plan at the top level to eradicate structural obstacles and tend to fairness and justice;we should give full play to the advantages of the system and reduce the pre imposed obstacles.Through correcting market failure,narrowing income gap,targeting poverty alleviation,breaking capital monopoly and promoting equalization of public services,creating equal opportunities for all walks of life,a long-term social stability is achieved.