基于FE-SEA混合法的列车结构噪声降噪研究

Study on Structure-borne Noise Reduction inside Train Based on Hybrid Finite Element-statistical Energy Analysis Method

基于声固耦合理论,采用有限元-统计能量(FE-SEA)混合法,建立高速列车车体-车内声腔耦合系统结构噪声预测模型,预测了20~500 Hz频段内垂向二系悬挂力激励下的车内结构噪声,并且分析了矿棉、毛毡和玻璃棉三种吸声材料对车内噪声的降噪特性;同时,分别分析了玻璃棉厚度、微穿孔板的孔径和穿孔率对车内噪声的影响。结果表明:在低频段内,微穿孔板对噪声有明显的降噪效果,且孔径小、穿孔率大的微穿孔板对车内噪声的降噪效果更明显;在高频段内,多孔吸声材料对噪声有明显的降噪效果,玻璃棉作为多孔吸声材料时,其厚度越大,降低车内噪声的幅值也越大。

Based on the theory of acoustic-solid coupling,the hybrid finite element-statistical energy(FE-SEA)method was used to build the structural noise prediction model of the high-speed train body-in-train acoustic cavity coupling system.The internal structure noise of the train under the excitation of vertical secondary suspension force at a frequency of 20-500 Hz was predicted,followed by a comparison of the noise reduction characteristics of the three sound-absorbing materials of mineral wool,felt and glass wool on the interior noise of the train.At the same time,an analysis was made on the effects of the thickness of the glass wool and the aperture and perforation rate of the micro-perforated plate on the noise in the train.The results show that:in the low frequency band,the micro-perforated plate has a significant noise reduction effect,and the micro-perforated plate with small aperture and large perforation rate achieves even greater noise reduction effect on the interior noise.In the high frequency band,the porous sound-absorbing materials have a significant noise reduction effect.When glass wool is used as a porous sound-absorbing material,the greater the thickness of the glass wool,the greater the amplitude of noise reduction in the train.